Answer:
Insulin is an important lifesaving drug for diabetic patients. Each insulin molecule consists of 51 amino acids arranged in two chains - A and B chains containing 21 and 30 amino acids respectively. These two chains are linked together by disulphide bridges. Insulin, in humans, is synthesised as a prohormone which contains an extra stretch called C-peptide. This C-peptide is absent in mature insulin and hence it is removed during maturation into insulin. In 1983, Eli Lily an American company, prepared insulin by using recombinant DNA technology. They prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to chains A and B of human insulin and introduced them in the plasmid of E.coli to produce insulin chains. These chains - A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulphide (S-S) bonds to form human insulin.
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