question_answer

(i) List any two situations in which preformed antibodies are given to a person. What kind of immunisation is it? Also, discuss its advantages.

(ii) What is autoimmunity?

Answer:

(i) Preformed or passive immunisation is the introduction of readymade antibodies for an immediate immune response. It is given in the following situations

(a) In the case of snake bites, an anti-toxin against venom is directly given.

(b) In case of injury, tetanus injection is given to avoid muscle spasms.

These preformed antibodies develop quick immune response in the recipient against the infective agent.

(ii) Autoimmunity is the state in which the body loses its ability of distinguishing between self and non-self cells.

The body?s immune system starts destroying its own cells which leads to fatal malfunctions called as autoimmune diseases, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, Grave?s disease, haemolytic anaemia, myasthenia gravis, etc.