| Restriction endonucleases recognise palindromic nucleotide sequences in DNA and cut them. What are palindromes? Explain with example. |
| Or |
| Expand ELISA. On what principle is ELISA test based? Explain. |
| (i) What is meant by foetal ejection reflex? |
| (ii) What 'medicine' does a doctor inject into the body of a pregnant woman to induce uterine contractions? And why? How does it induce delivery? |
| (i) Identify A, B, C and D in the given table. | ||
| Name of the disease | Name of causal bacteria virus | Specific organ or its part affected |
| Typhoid | Salmonella typhii | A |
| Common cold | B | C |
| Pneumonia | Streptococcus pneumonia | D |
| (ii) Widal test is done for the confirmation of which disease? | ||
| How is the rate of decomposition of detritus affected by its chemical composition, temperature and availability of oxygen? |
| Or |
| Discuss the condition of an ecosystem in the following situations. |
| (i) If producers drastically decrease in number. |
| (ii) If all organisms of one trophic level are eliminated or killed. |
| (iii) If top carnivores population is removed. |
| (i) Cut pieces of a Bryophyllum when put into wet soil produce new plants. |
| (ii) In the whiptail lizards, only females are born generation after generation. |
| (iii) Fertilisation in bryophytes/pteridophytes is considered as internal fertilisation. |
| (i) What is Thalassemia? |
| (ii) How would you counsel the family not to blame Gita for delivering a child suffering from Thalassemia? Explain. |
| (iii) What values are shown by Gita's inlaws? |
| (i) How is the use of 'Himgiri' variety of wheat helpful in increasing the yield? |
| (ii) A banana herb is virus infected. Describe the method that will help in obtaining healthy banana plants from the diseased plant. |
| (i) Identify the type of RNA having the shape of the clover leaf in two - dimensional structure. |
| (ii) Explain the process of transcription in prokaryotes through diagrams only. |
 |
| (i) Give the genotype of the following. |
| (a) Parents |
| (b) The individual X in second generation |
| (ii) State the possible blood groups of the individual Y in third generation. |
| (iii) How does the inheritance of this blood group explain codominance? |
| (i) Which property of DNA double helix led Watson and Crick to hypothesise semiconservative mode of DNA replication? Explain. |
| (ii) Draw the diagram of its double helical model. |
| Or |
| Draw the labelled schematic structure of a transcription unit. Explain the function of each component of this unit in the process of transcription. |
| With the help of diagrams show different steps involved in the cloning and expression of a y gene responsible for the production of growth hormone into E. coli. |
| Or |
| If a desired gene is to be identified in an organism for some specific purpose, explain the process of the following. |
| (i) Cutting the desired gene at specific location. |
| (ii) Synthesis of multiple copies of this desired gene mentioning all required steps. |
| Explain the process of hydrarch succession. |
| Or |
| Give the significance of predation in nature in detail. |
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