| Which social group spearheaded nationalist movement in Europe? What was its main demand? |
| Or |
| Examine the liberal ideology inbibed by the revolutionary leaders after French Revolution. |
Answer:
The educated middle class comprising the professionals, commercial class, and industrialists spearheaded nationalist movement in Europe.
Imbibed by liberal ideas they demanded freedom of individuals, freedom of press equal rights and equality before law. Their main demands were:
(i) Politically they emphasized representative government based on the consent of the citizens. They stood for governance by constitution which was made by national parliament.
(ii) They stood for end of autocracy and abolition of private privileges based on birth or heredity. In economic sphere they opposed state imposed restrictions on trade and advocated freedom of markets.
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