Answer:
(a) The Tsar believed in the Divine right of kingship at a time when such ideas were outdated. By this time England had become a parliamentary democracy and France had become a republic. The people were clamoring for their rights while the Tsar was not prepared to make any concessions to popular demands. His inability to perceive the strength of the new forces emerging I in Russia was one of the most important causes for the outbreak of the Russian Revolution. (b) The Russian polity was basically still feudal in nature. Vast tracts of land were held tax free by the clergy and the nobility who also monopolized the high posts in the army and administration The new middle class which was slowly emerging in Russia began to make strident demands for some sort of representative government to be formed where access to high posts would be give! On the basis of birth. Administration was also riddled with corruption and was inefficient.
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