UPSC History Arts and Cultural Movements Question Bank Persons Miscellaneous

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    The Doctrines of 'Non-Violence' and Civil Disobedience' associated with Mahatma Gandhi were influenced by the works of [NDA 2009-II]

    A)  Churchill-Irwin-Tolstoy

    B)  Ruskin-Tolstoy-Thoreau

    C)  Thoreau-Humen-Shaw

    D)  Cripps-Tolstov-Howes

    Correct Answer: B

    Solution :

     Walden Pond Thoreau wrote an essay on Civil Disobedience where he advocated the doctrine of peaceful resistance. He thought that if any law was felt to be unjust, or unnecessary, it was incumbent on the individual to refuse to obey that law in any nonviolent way that they could harness. John Ruskin (an English art critic), Leo Tolstoy (a Russian count) and Henry David Thoreau (an American naturalist backwoodsman), three apparently very different individuals, each from very different backgrounds, but all shared similar, interwoven values. The book that had made such an immediate and profound impact on Gandhi was John Ruskin's seminal work Unto This Last. Another deep influence on Gandhi thinking was the writings of Leo Tolstoy, especially the essay The Kingdom of God is Within You which mapped out Tolstoy's individualistic interpretation of Christian having.


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