-
question_answer1)
Sequence of humification and mineralisation is:
A)
Dead organic matter \[\to \] Litter \[\to \] Duff \[\to \]Humus \[\to \] Minerals done
clear
B)
Humus \[\to \] Minerals \[\to \] Litter \[\to \] Duff done
clear
C)
Minerals \[\to \] Humus \[\to \] Litter \[\to \] Duff done
clear
D)
Dead organic matter \[\to \] Duff \[\to \] Litter \[\to \]Minerals \[\to \] Humus done
clear
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question_answer2)
Permafrost is the most distinctive feature of:
A)
Taiga done
clear
B)
Temperate grasslands done
clear
C)
Tundra done
clear
D)
Pacific northwest done
clear
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question_answer3)
Desert regions are characterised by ________ centimeters of rainfall per year.
A)
less than 5 done
clear
B)
less than 15 done
clear
C)
less than 25 done
clear
D)
over 50 done
clear
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question_answer4)
For plants inhabiting a tropical rain forest, the critical competition, is for-
A)
Soil nutrients done
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B)
Water done
clear
C)
Space done
clear
D)
Light done
clear
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question_answer5)
Biome is:
A)
sum of ecosystems in a geographical area. done
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B)
sum of ecosystems of the whole earth. done
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C)
biotic component of an ecosystem. done
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D)
biotic potential of a population. done
clear
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question_answer6)
Which of the following communities is more vulnerable to invasion by outside animals and plants?
A)
Tropical evergreen forests done
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B)
Oceanic island communities done
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C)
Mangroves done
clear
D)
Temperate forests done
clear
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question_answer7)
The sun loving plants are referred to as:
A)
Halophytes done
clear
B)
Heliophytes done
clear
C)
Heterotrophs done
clear
D)
Sciophytes done
clear
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question_answer8)
What is best pH of soil for cultivation?
A)
3.4-5.4 done
clear
B)
4.5-5.5 done
clear
C)
5.5-6.5 done
clear
D)
5-7.5 done
clear
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question_answer9)
Mechanical tissue is best developed in:
A)
Hydrophytes done
clear
B)
Halophytes done
clear
C)
Xerophytes done
clear
D)
Mesophytes done
clear
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question_answer10)
Adaptation to low temperature and freezing in animals occurs due to the production of-
A)
Antifreeze proteins done
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B)
Chaperonins done
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C)
Proline done
clear
D)
Analine done
clear
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question_answer11)
Which of the following is not a reason why population growth declines as population size approaches the carrying capacity?
A)
Climate becomes unfavorable. done
clear
B)
Competition for resources increases. done
clear
C)
Predation rates increase. done
clear
D)
Disease rates increase. done
clear
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question_answer12)
Explosive growth in human population size can be attributed largely to:
A)
declining death rates due to improved medical care. done
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B)
proliferation of fast-food outlets, leading to easier access to nutrients. done
clear
C)
increasing birth rates due to better health and fertility. done
clear
D)
declining death rates due to declining incidence of war. done
clear
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question_answer13)
No population can grow indefinitely. The ultimate size of any population is limited by:
A)
the carrying capacity of its environment. done
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B)
its birth rate. done
clear
C)
its intrinsic growth rate. done
clear
D)
reproductive isolation. done
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question_answer14)
In an equilibrium population (at its carrying capacity), thousands of eggs and hundreds of tadpoles are produced by a single pair of frogs. About how many offsprings will live to reproduce the next year?
A)
0 done
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B)
2 done
clear
C)
10 to 20 done
clear
D)
More than 100 done
clear
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question_answer15)
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
A)
Habitat includes both biotic and abiotic factors. done
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B)
Abiotic and biotic components interact constantly with each other. done
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C)
Abiotic components alone can characterize the habitat of an organism. done
clear
D)
Major abiotic factors includes temperature, water, light and soil. done
clear
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question_answer16)
For a population that is stable in size, the following age distribution indicates that:
A)
the population's birth and death rates are both high. done
clear
B)
the population's birth and death rates are both low. done
clear
C)
the population's birth rate is low but its death rate is high. done
clear
D)
the population's birth rate is high but its death rate is low. done
clear
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question_answer17)
Which statement does not reflect a reason why grasses predominate in savannah?
A)
There are few native herbivores in this biome. done
clear
B)
Grasses grow well in fine, sandy soils. done
clear
C)
The above ground portions of grass plants die during dry seasons. done
clear
D)
The deep roots of the grasses can survive many months of drought. done
clear
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question_answer18)
Competitive exclusion principle was put forward by G.F. Gause on the basis of experimental observation on:
A)
Chlorella done
clear
B)
Paramoecium done
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C)
Microcystis done
clear
D)
Cuckoo bird done
clear
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question_answer19)
Which of the following type of interactions occur in predation and parasitism?
A)
(+, +) done
clear
B)
(+, 0) done
clear
C)
(+, -) done
clear
D)
(-, -) done
clear
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question_answer20)
If b=65 and d = 45, N = 100 then find out \[\frac{dN}{dt.}\]
A)
2000 done
clear
B)
1000 done
clear
C)
200 done
clear
D)
100 done
clear
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question_answer21)
Organisms occupying similar ecological niche but different geographical areas of distribution are called as:
A)
Edge species done
clear
B)
Ecological equivalents done
clear
C)
Ecoclines done
clear
D)
Inquilines done
clear
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question_answer22)
In the models that describe population growth r stands for:
A)
population density done
clear
B)
a time interval done
clear
C)
total number of individuals in the population. done
clear
D)
growth rate done
clear
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question_answer23)
Human population growth ______.
A)
has an S-shaped curve. done
clear
B)
is currently in a logistic phase. done
clear
C)
is currently exponential. done
clear
D)
has reached carrying capacity. done
clear
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question_answer24)
The maximum expansion rate of a population under the best conditions is referred to as ___. There are abundant resources that last forever and no limits on growth.
A)
biotic potential done
clear
B)
cohort done
clear
C)
mortality rate done
clear
D)
biome done
clear
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question_answer25)
Casuarina equisetifolia is a:
A)
Mesophytes done
clear
B)
Xerophyte done
clear
C)
Halophyte done
clear
D)
Forest epiphyte done
clear
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question_answer26)
The chief advantage of encystment to Amoeba proteus is:
A)
an ability to live for a time without ingesting food. done
clear
B)
the cessation of most metabolic activity so that available energy may be used for reproduction. done
clear
C)
the opportunity to get rid of accumulated waste products. done
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D)
the ability to survive during unfavourable physical conditions. done
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question_answer27)
Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) is:
A)
5% of incident solar radiation done
clear
B)
50% of incident solar radiation done
clear
C)
0.5% of incident solar radiation done
clear
D)
99% of incident solar radiation done
clear
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question_answer28)
In an age pyramid, the number of individuals of reproductive age is lesser than pre-reproductive but higher than post reproductive ones. The population is:
A)
Growing done
clear
B)
Declining done
clear
C)
Stable done
clear
D)
Can not be predicted done
clear
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question_answer29)
In biotic community, which of the following can be called protective device?
A)
Mimicry done
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B)
Symbiosis done
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C)
Competition done
clear
D)
Parasitism done
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question_answer30)
Bell-shaped polygonal pyramid indicates:
A)
high percentage of young individuals. done
clear
B)
moderate percentage of young individuals. done
clear
C)
low percentage of young individuals. done
clear
D)
low percentage of old individuals. done
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question_answer31)
Mark the correct identification from the following picture.
A)
B)
C)
D)
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question_answer32)
What does the shape of the given age pyramids (A to C) reflect about the growth status of populations?
A)
B)
C)
D)
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question_answer33)
Which of the following statements) is/are incorrect?
(i) Light is essential for life to exist on the earth. |
(ii) Many species of small plant under the canopy to tall trees in forest show optimal use of available light due to having large sized antenna and higher number of thylakoids. |
(iii) UV-rays is not harmful for many organisms. (iv) Photoperiodic requirement is not essential for many plant for flowering. |
(v) Red algae can live in deeper water of sea because of having pigment, phycoerythrin. |
A)
Only (i) done
clear
B)
Only (ii) done
clear
C)
Only (iii) done
clear
D)
(iv) and (v) done
clear
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question_answer34)
The given, examples are associated with which type of adaptation?
(i) Basking by desert lizards in sun. |
(ii) Hiding in burrows by some animals. |
(iii) Wearing of woollen clothes. |
(iv) Thermal gaping |
A)
Scansorial adaptation done
clear
B)
Cursorial adaptation done
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C)
Biochemical adaptation done
clear
D)
Behavioural adaptation done
clear
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question_answer35)
Select the incorrect statement.
A)
Overwhelming majority of animals and nearly all plants maintain a constant internal temperature. done
clear
B)
An orchid growing as an epiphyte on a mango branch is an example of commensalism. done
clear
C)
In brood parasitism, the parasitic bird lays its eggs in the nest of its host and lets the host to incubate them. done
clear
D)
In amensalism, one species is harmed whereas the other is unaffected. done
clear
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question_answer36)
Which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect?
(i) Plants have no thermoregulation. |
(ii) 99% animals and almost all plants are conformers. |
(iii) Heat loss or heat gain is a function of surface area. |
(iv) Thermoregulation is energetically least expensive process for many organisms like shrews and humming birds. |
(v) 99% animals are thermoregulators. |
(vi) Archaebacteria cannot tolerate high temperature. |
A)
(i) and (ii) done
clear
B)
(iv), (v) and (vi) done
clear
C)
None of these done
clear
D)
All of these done
clear
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question_answer37)
In commensalism:
A)
population of commensal and host remains unaffected. done
clear
B)
population of commensal may increase while that of host remains unaffected. done
clear
C)
population of both commensal and host increases. done
clear
D)
population of commensal increases while the population of host gradually decreases. done
clear
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question_answer38)
The relationship between hermit crab and sea anemone is:
A)
Symbiosis done
clear
B)
Mutualism done
clear
C)
Parasitism done
clear
D)
Commensalism done
clear
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question_answer39)
During succession, inhibition:
A)
may prevent the achievement of a climax community. done
clear
B)
is evidence for the equilibrium theory of succession. done
clear
C)
may interfere with the successful colonization of other species. done
clear
D)
may involve changes in soil pH or accelerated accumulation of humus. done
clear
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question_answer40)
A small, isolated population:
A)
will do extremely well if protected. done
clear
B)
is unlikely to survive, even within a reserve. done
clear
C)
will grow, but extremely slowly. done
clear
D)
will given the right conditions. done
clear
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question_answer41)
In aquatic system, actively moving animal organisms are:
A)
Benthic done
clear
B)
Nektons done
clear
C)
Zooplanktons done
clear
D)
Phytoplanktons done
clear
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question_answer42)
What is competitive exclusion?
A)
The evolution of traits that reduce niche overlap and competition. done
clear
B)
Interactions that allow species to occupy their fundamental niche. done
clear
C)
The degree to which the niches of two species overlap. done
clear
D)
The claim that species with the same niche cannot coexist. done
clear
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question_answer43)
The combination of conditions that a species will occupy in the absence of competitors is:
A)
The fundamental niche done
clear
B)
The realised niche done
clear
C)
Competitive exclusion done
clear
D)
Mimicry done
clear
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question_answer44)
Which part of the world has a high density of organisms?
A)
Grasslands done
clear
B)
Savannahs done
clear
C)
Deciduous forests done
clear
D)
Tropical rain forests done
clear
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question_answer45)
In which biome, 75-150 cm. annual rain fall takes place?
A)
Grassland done
clear
B)
Mediterranean scrub forest done
clear
C)
Deciduous forest done
clear
D)
North coniferous forest done
clear
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question_answer46)
A group of individuals of a plant inhabiting a particular area form a:
A)
Population done
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B)
Community done
clear
C)
Ecosystem done
clear
D)
Species done
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question_answer47)
Sunken stomata can be seen in-
A)
Hydrilla done
clear
B)
Nymphaea done
clear
C)
Acacia done
clear
D)
Rhizophora done
clear
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question_answer48)
Refer to the graph below, which shows the changes in population size over time.
Which part of this graph describes or refers to the exponential growth phase of a new population?
A)
1 done
clear
B)
5 done
clear
C)
2 done
clear
D)
3 done
clear
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question_answer49)
In laboratory experiments, two species of the protist Paramoecium were grown alone and in the presence of the other species. The following graphs show growth of species 1 (left) and species 2 (right), alone and when in mixed culture.
Interpretation of these graphs shows that:
A)
competitive exclusion occurred in the these experiments. done
clear
B)
both species are affected by interspecific competition but species 1 is less affected. done
clear
C)
both species are affected by interspecific competition but species 2 is less affected. done
clear
D)
both species are affected equally by interspecific competition. done
clear
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question_answer50)
Heat loss or heat gain is a function of surface area. (i) Small animals in colder areas have large surface area.
(ii) They expend less amount of energy and do not loose body heat. |
(iii) Small animals are rarely found in cold regions. |
Which of the above statements are correct regarding the function of surface area? |
A)
Only (i) done
clear
B)
(ii) and (iii) done
clear
C)
Only (iii) done
clear
D)
(i) and (iii) done
clear
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question_answer51)
Which statement explains the concept of Allen's rule?
A)
Aquatic mammals have blubber as insulator. done
clear
B)
Mammals of colder climate have shorter ears and limbs. done
clear
C)
Mammals of humid and warmer region have more melanin in their skin. done
clear
D)
The bear undergoes hibernation during winter. done
clear
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question_answer52)
Consider the following statements [A] - [D] each with one or two blanks.
A. Lichens represent an intimate __(i)__ relationship between a fungus and __(ii)__. |
B. The __(iii)__ are associations between fungi and the roots of higher plants. |
C. Plants need the help of __(iv)__ for pollinating their flowers and dispersing their seeds. |
D. The __(v)__ pollinates the fig inflorescence while searching for suitable egg - laying sites. |
Which one of the following options, gives the correct fill ups for the respective blank numbers from (i) - (v) in the statements? |
A)
(i) Parasitic; (ii) - Cyanobacteria; (iii)- Mycorrhizae; (iv) - Wind; (v) - Bee done
clear
B)
(i) Mutualistic; (ii) - Cyanobacteria; (iii) - Mycorrhizae; (iv) - Animals; (v) Wasp done
clear
C)
(i) Parasitic; (ii) - Cyanobacteria; (iii) - Mycorrhizae; (iv) - Insect; (v) Bumble bees done
clear
D)
(i) Mutualistic; (ii) - Cyanobacteria; (iii) - Lichen; (iv) - Wind; (v) Wasp done
clear
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question_answer53)
Match the column-I with column-II and choose the correct option.
| Column-I | | Column-II |
A. | Mutualism | I. | Tiger and deer |
B. | Commensalism | II. | Cuscuta on Cissus |
C. | Parasitism | III. | Sucker fish and shark |
D. | Predation | IV. | Crab and sea anemone |
A)
A-I; B-II; C-III; D-IV done
clear
B)
A-III; B-IV; C-II; D-I done
clear
C)
A-II; B-III; C-I; D-IV done
clear
D)
A-IV; B-II; C-III; D-I done
clear
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question_answer54)
\[\frac{dN}{dt}=rN\left( \frac{K-N}{K} \right)\]
A - Population density at time t. |
B - Intrinsic rate of nature increase. |
C - Carrying capacity. |
Identify A, B and C from given equation. |
A)
B)
C)
D)
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question_answer55)
During summer stratification, the upper layer of water is called:
A)
Thermocline done
clear
B)
Hypolimnion done
clear
C)
Epilimnion done
clear
D)
Ectolimnion done
clear
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question_answer56)
Pneumatophores are special features of plants growing in:
A)
Dry and hot conditions done
clear
B)
Water done
clear
C)
Mangrove forests done
clear
D)
Oligotrophic soils done
clear
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question_answer57)
When birth rate equals death rate:
A)
a population grows rapidly. done
clear
B)
the size of a population remains constant. done
clear
C)
density-dependent limiting factors do not affect the population. done
clear
D)
a population is in danger of extinction. done
clear
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question_answer58)
At carrying capacity, a population ___.
A)
increases rapidly done
clear
B)
decreases slowly done
clear
C)
decreases rapidly done
clear
D)
fluctuates around a median number done
clear
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question_answer59)
The fresh leaves and recognisable litter are found in which of the following horizon of soil?
A)
A-horizon done
clear
B)
B-horizon done
clear
C)
C-horizon done
clear
D)
0-horizon done
clear
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question_answer60)
In Opuntia the spine is the modification of:
A)
Stem done
clear
B)
Root done
clear
C)
Leaf done
clear
D)
None of these done
clear
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question_answer61)
Rainfall is absent but precipitation occurs in:
A)
Arctic desert done
clear
B)
Tropical desert done
clear
C)
Chaparral done
clear
D)
Savannah done
clear
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question_answer62)
Why are inducible defenses advantageous?
A)
They are always present - thus, an individual is always able to defend itself. done
clear
B)
They make it impossible for a consumer to launch surprise attacks. done
clear
C)
They result from a coevolutionary arms race. done
clear
D)
They make efficient use of resources, because they are produced only when needed. done
clear
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question_answer63)
Leaf cutter ants keep fungal gardens. The ants provide food for the fungus but also feed on the fungus. This is an example of
A)
Competition done
clear
B)
Predation done
clear
C)
Parasitism done
clear
D)
Mutualism done
clear
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question_answer64)
Which of the following statement is not correct about K-selection?
A)
Having long life span done
clear
B)
Developed Interspecific competition done
clear
C)
Very stable population done
clear
D)
Having short generation time done
clear
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question_answer65)
A population of 600 that experiences 65 births and 5 deaths during a one-year period. If the population maintains the current growth pattern, a plot of its growth would resemble:
A)
Exponential growth done
clear
B)
Fluctuating growth done
clear
C)
K-selected growth done
clear
D)
Logistic growth done
clear
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question_answer66)
In the formula G = rN (K - N)/K, the factor rN tends to cause the population to ____.
A)
remain stable at the carrying capacity done
clear
B)
grow at a slower rate than the (K - N/K) factor done
clear
C)
grow increasingly rapidly done
clear
D)
decrease in size done
clear
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question_answer67)
Dense evergreen vegetation of broad sclerophyllous leaves and shrubs with fire resistant resinons plants is known as:
A)
Chaparral vegetation done
clear
B)
Savannah vegetation done
clear
C)
Steppe grassland done
clear
D)
Tundra vegetation done
clear
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question_answer68)
The shallow water zone around the edge of the lake is called:
A)
Littoral zone done
clear
B)
Limnetic zone done
clear
C)
Profundal zone done
clear
D)
Benthic zone done
clear
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question_answer69)
Genetically adapted local population of a species (that has a wide range of distribution) are called:
A)
Phenotypes done
clear
B)
Ecotype done
clear
C)
Sciophytes done
clear
D)
Mesophytes done
clear
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question_answer70)
Which one of the following is example of species that breed in captivity and produce infertile hybrids?
A)
Mallard (a duck) and the pin tail duck done
clear
B)
Male donkey and female horse done
clear
C)
Polar bear and the Alaskan brown bear done
clear
D)
Platy and sword tail fishes done
clear
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question_answer71)
Which one of the following is the interspecific hybrid variety?
A)
Mule done
clear
B)
Sugarcane done
clear
C)
Pony done
clear
D)
All of these done
clear
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question_answer72)
Which type of plants are found in Taiga Tundra?
A)
Halophytes done
clear
B)
Xerophytes done
clear
C)
Epiphytes done
clear
D)
Psychrophytes done
clear
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question_answer73)
Succulents occur in:
A)
Deserts done
clear
B)
Tundra done
clear
C)
Temperate deciduous forests done
clear
D)
Tropical rain forests done
clear
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question_answer74)
You are growing a bacterial population in a laboratory flask with a flow-through system that continuously replaces old culture medium with fresh medium without removing any bacteria. Which of the following graphs best predicts the growth of this population over time?
A)
A done
clear
B)
D done
clear
C)
B done
clear
D)
C done
clear
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question_answer75)
Which of the following factors (given .below) determines the vegetation of any area?
(i) pH of soil. |
(ii) Mineral compositon of the soil. |
(iii) Water holding capacity of soil. |
(iv) Precipitation. |
A)
(i) and (ii) done
clear
B)
(ii) and (iii) done
clear
C)
(i), (ii), and (iii) done
clear
D)
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) done
clear
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question_answer76)
Match the column-I with column-II and choose the correct option.
| Column-I | | Column-II |
A. | Predation | I. | Cuscuta and Hedge plants |
B. | Commensalism | II. | Balanus and Chthamalus |
C. | Parasitism | III. | Cactus and Moth |
D. | Competition | IV. | Orchid and Mango |
A)
A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II done
clear
B)
A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I done
clear
C)
A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV done
clear
D)
A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I done
clear
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question_answer77)
Plants have developed various means of protecting themselves from predators. One of the methods is by producing toxic chemicals. Identify such chemicals from the list given below.
(i) Nicotine |
(ii) Caffeine |
(iii) Quinine |
(iv) Strychnine |
(v) Opium |
A)
Only (i) done
clear
B)
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) done
clear
C)
(i), (ii) and (iii) done
clear
D)
All of the above done
clear
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question_answer78)
Identify the incorrect statement.
(i) Thermoregulation energetically least expensive process for many organisms like shrews and humming birds. |
(ii) 99% animals and nearly all plants cannot maintain their constant internal environment. |
(iii) During the course of evolution, the costs and heights of maintaining a constant internal environment are discarded. |
(iv) In aquatic animals, the osmotic concentration of the body fluids change with that of the ambient water osmotic concentration. |
A)
(i) and (ii) done
clear
B)
(iii) and (iv) done
clear
C)
(i) and (iii) done
clear
D)
(ii) and (iii) done
clear
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question_answer79)
Mark the correct statement.
A)
In case of bear, going into hibernation during winter, is an example of 'escape in time. done
clear
B)
To prevent desiccation, some snails and fishes enter into diapause. done
clear
C)
Under unfavourable conditions many zooplankton species go into aestivation. done
clear
D)
All of the above done
clear
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question_answer80)
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(i) Organisms living in oceans, lakes and rivers do not face any water-related problems. |
(ii) Euryhaline can tolerate a wide range of salinities. |
(iii) Stenohaline are restricted to a narrow range of salinities. |
(iv) No fresh water animals cannot live for long in sea water but sea animals can live in fresh water for long time because of osmotic balance. |
(v) The salt concentration is less than 5% in inland water, 30-50% in sea and >100% in some hypersaline lagoons. |
A)
All are correct except (i) done
clear
B)
None of the above done
clear
C)
Only (iv) done
clear
D)
(i), (iii) and (iv) done
clear
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question_answer81)
A country with a high rate of population growth took measures to reduce it. The figure below shows age-sex pyramids of populations A and B twenty years apart. Select the correct interpretation about them.
A)
"B" is earlier pyramid and shows stabilized growth rate. done
clear
B)
"B" is more recent showing that population is very young. done
clear
C)
"A" is the earlier pyramid and no change has occurred in the growth rate. done
clear
D)
"A" is more recent and shows slight reduction in the growth rate. done
clear
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question_answer82)
Study the population growth curves shown in the given diagram.
Which options is the best for curve (1) and (2) ?
A)
B)
C)
D)
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question_answer83)
In the given graph arrow indicates specifically:
A)
r done
clear
B)
K-N done
clear
C)
K done
clear
D)
Density independent effect done
clear
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question_answer84)
An oak tree produces thousands of acorns, but very few grow into mature oak trees. The oak tree exhibits a ___ survivorship curve.
A)
type I done
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B)
type II done
clear
C)
type III done
clear
D)
type I or II done
clear
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question_answer85)
Savannahs are:
A)
Tropical rain forests done
clear
B)
Desert scrubs done
clear
C)
Grassland with scattered trees done
clear
D)
Dense forests with closed canopy done
clear
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question_answer86)
Most molluscs and cry fishes are:
A)
Thermoconformers done
clear
B)
Osmoconformers done
clear
C)
Oxyregulators done
clear
D)
All of the above done
clear
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question_answer87)
Which of the following statements) is/are correct?
(i) In a population growth rate curve, the lag phase represents the period when a population is adjusting to a new environment. |
(ii) In a population growth rate curve the steepest part of growth phase represents the period when a population is growing exponentially. |
(iii) In the stationary phase of a population growth rate curve, the population is in dynamic equilibrium. |
(iv) Humans have changed the carrying capacity of the earth. |
A)
All of these done
clear
B)
(i), (ii) and (iii) done
clear
C)
(ii) and (iii) done
clear
D)
(i) and (iv) done
clear
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