Answer:
Indian constitution is both rigid and flexible. (a) The procedure of amendment is neither as easy as in England nor as difficult as in "the United States. (b) The federal provisions of the constitution cannot be amended easily, e.g., the division of powers between the Centre and State. (c) In such cases a constitutional amendment must be passed by two-thirds members of parliament and ratified by one-half of the states before sending the bill to the president. (d) Certain provisions of the constitution like Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy can be amended more easily. (e) In such cases, only a two-third majority of members present and voting is needed. Consent of the states is not needed. (f) All constitutional amendments can be initiated only in the union Parliament and not in any state legislature.
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