Answer:
India has rich heritage of flora and fauna due to the following reasons: (a) Land affects bio-diversity. Different type of vegetation occurs in mountains, plateau and plain areas or in dry and wet regions. Each type of terrain and vegetation gives habitat to different types of animals. (b) Different types of soils provide basis for different types of vegetation. For example, sandy soils support cactus and thorny bushes while wet marshy, deltaic soils support mangroves. (c) Temperature, humidity and precipitation also affect the type of vegetation and wildlife. In hot wet regions of Assam and Kerala, elephants and tropical evergreen trees are founds in high mountains, coniferous forests are seen. In Alpine, tundra region mosses and lichen grow and snow-leopards are found. (d) Varying amount of rainfall from 20 cm to 300 cm. Duration of rainfall period also varies and gives variety of vegetation, The variation in duration of sunlight at different places due to difference in latitude and altitude, season and duration of the day also affect vegetation. Due to longer duration of sunlight, trees grow faster.
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