Answer:
The factors controlling the Indian climatic conditions; (a) The locatinal and relief features: Tropic of Cancer divides India into two parts. Southern part is in the Tropical zone and northern part is in the Sub-tropical zone. Due to triangular shape of Indian Plateau, the moderating influence of sea is felt inside the large area and plains in the north, experience continental climate while Himalayas in the north acts as a climatic divide by protecting northern plains from the chilled winds from Siberia. (b) Pressure and winds: In the winter season, cold dry north east trade winds originate from N. W. India and blow southwards. So winters are cold and dry in the northern plains and rainy in the eastern coastal plain whereas during the summers there is a complete reversal in direction of winds with the change of atmospheric pressure. The rain bearing winds blow from sea to land bringing widespread rains in the country. (c) Upper air circulations: The pattern of air circulation in high atmosphere is different. These are fast blowing winds in the narrow zone of upper atmosphere called jet streams. During the winter season, these jet streams pull Western Disturbances in N. W. India to cause widespread snowfall on Himalayas and rainfall in the plains. During the summer season the easterly jet streams pull Tropical depressions to cause monsoon rainfall over whole of India.
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