UPSC Geography Ecology and Ecosystem Biodiversity Question Bank

done Fundamentals of Ecology Total Questions - 30

• question_answer1)
  Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. Ecosystem is a group of organisms and the environment with which the organisms interact.

  2. Geo-climatic conditions determine the main characteristics of ecosystems.

  A)
  Only 1 is correct          done clear
  B)
  Only 2 is correct done clear
  C)
  Both 1 and 2 are correct   done clear
  D)
   Neither 1 nor 2 is correct. done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer2)
  The term 'Ecotone' stands for:
  A)
   A transitional boundary between two floral communities. done clear
  B)
   A transitional boundary between two wetlands. done clear
  C)
   A transitional boundary between two ecosystems. done clear
  D)
   A transitional boundary between two biosphere reserves. done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer3)
  Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. Ecology is the science of interaction between life forms and their environment.

  2. Ecology is the science of ecosystems.

  3. Ecology is a boundary transition zone between adjoining ecosystems.

  A)
   1 and 2 are correct        done clear
  B)
   1 and 3 are correct done clear
  C)
   2 and 3 are correct        done clear
  D)
   1, 2 and 3 are correct done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer4)
  The greatest pool of carbon is in the:
  A)
  Atmosphere       done clear
  B)
  Coal deposits done clear
  C)
  Oceans     done clear
  D)
   Dead organic matter done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer5)
  Which one of the following statements is correct about saprophytes?
  A)
   Saprophyte is a herbivore. done clear
  B)
   Saprophyte is dependent on other organic matter. done clear
  C)
   Saprophyte is an organism that obtains its food from the atmosphere. done clear
  D)
   Saprophyte is a micro-organism that lives on decaying matter. done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer6)
  Which one of the biomes has the richest fauna?
  A)
   Taiga Biome  done clear
  B)
   Savanna Biome done clear
  C)
  Mediterranean Biome         done clear
  D)
  Equatorial Biome done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer7)
  Which one of the following is the best description of the term 'ecosystem'?
  A)
   A community of organisms interacting with one another. done clear
  B)
  That part of the earth which is inhabited by living organisms. done clear
  C)
  A community of organisms together with the environment in which they live. done clear
  D)
  The flora and fauna of a geographical area. done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer8)
  The term 'Goldilocks Zone' is often seen in the news in the context of:
  A)
  The limits of habitable zone above the surface of the earth done clear
  B)
  Regions inside the earth where shale gas is available done clear
  C)
  Search for the earth-like planets in outer space done clear
  D)
  Search for meteorites containing precious metals done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer9)
  Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. The biosphere is exclusively dependent on photosynthesis.

  2. The term photosynthesis describes the reaction of materials within plant leaves.

  A)
  Only 1 is correct          done clear
  B)
  Only 2 is correct done clear
  C)
  Both 1 and 2 are correct   done clear
  D)
  Neither 1 nor 2 is correct done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer10)
  Which one of the following statements is not correct?

  Competition for light is the dominant factor in the formation of plant communities.

  This competition is expressed in their height, orientation and structure.

  Photosynthesis unites carbon dioxide and oxygen, both derived from water in the plant.

  A)
  1 and 2 are correct        done clear
  B)
  1 and 3 are correct done clear
  C)
  2 and 3 are correct done clear
  D)
  1, 2 and 3 are correct done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer11)
  Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. Sun is the ultimate source of energy to the biosphere.

  2. A tiny portion of light strikes the earth.

  3. Light energy from the Sun is trapped by chlorophyll.

  A)
  1 and 2 are correct        done clear
  B)
  1 and 3 are correct done clear
  C)
  1, 2 and 3 are correct     done clear
  D)
  2 and 3 are correct done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer12)
  Consider the following statements:

  1. The synthesis of organic compounds from inorganic compounds using energy stored in inorganic substances (sulphur, ammonia and hydrogen) is known as chemosynthesis.

  2. The organisms at the bottom of oceans and dark caves develop through the process of chemosynthesis.

  A)
  Both 1 and 2 are correct done clear
  B)
  Only 1 is correct done clear
  C)
  Only 2 is correct          done clear
  D)
  Neither 1 nor 2 is correct done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer13)
  Which one of the following statements is not correct?
  A)
  An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic substances. done clear
  B)
  The biotic components of an ecosystem include plants, animals and micro-organisms. done clear
  C)
  Producers include only plants. done clear
  D)
  Animals may be primary, secondary or tertiary consumers. done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer14)
  The concept of 'altitudinal life zones' of vegetation was given by:
  A)
  Alexander D.E.               done clear
  B)
  Alexander, J.W. done clear
  C)
  Alexander von Humboldt done clear
  D)
  Carl Ritter done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer15)
  Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. The altitudinal zones of plants and animals are analogous to life zones from equator to poles.

  2. The Himalayas contain all type of fauna and flora found between the equator to the poles.

  A)
  Only 1 is correct done clear
  B)
  Only 2 is correct done clear
  C)
  Both 1 and 2 are correct  done clear
  D)
  Neither 1 nor 2 is correct done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer16)
  Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. The non-living components set the stage for the operation of the ecosystem.

  2. The duration of Sun exposure is the photo-period.

  3. Along the equator, days are almost 12 hours in length throughout the year.

  A)
  1 and 2 are correct        done clear
  B)
  1 and 3 are correct done clear
  C)
  2 and 3 are correct       done clear
  D)
  1, 2 and 3 are correct done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer17)
  Which one of the following statements is not correct?
  A)
  Operation of the hydrological cycle depends upon precipitation, evaporation and seasonal distribution of rainfall. done clear
  B)
  The hydrological cycle is an open system. done clear
  C)
  A plant that grows in water is known as hydrophyte.   done clear
  D)
  A soil that develops in water is known as hydrophyte soil. done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer18)
  Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. A cycle at various scales of minerals and compounds through the ecosystem is known as biological cycle.

  2. The biochemistry of carbon is of great significance because of the global warming and greenhouse effect.

  A)
  Only 1 is correct          done clear
  B)
  Only 2 is correct done clear
  C)
  Both 1 and 2 are correct   done clear
  D)
  Neither 1 nor 2 is correct. done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer19)
  Which one of the following statements is not correct?
  A)
  In living matter, hydrogen, oxygen and carbon constitute 99 per cent of the biomass. done clear
  B)
  Coal mines are the greatest pool of carbon. done clear
  C)
  The atmosphere is the principal reserve of oxygen. done clear
  D)
  Large reserves of carbon exist in the earth's crust. done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer20)
  Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. The major reservoirs of water are the oceans and glaciers.

  2. The oceans and glaciers contain 97.5 per cent of the world's water.

  3. Less than 1 per cent of the water resides in atmosphere, rivers and lakes and soils.

  4. The water vapour can reside in the atmosphere for about 9 days.

  A)
  1, 2 and 3 are correct     done clear
  B)
  1, 3 and 4 are correct done clear
  C)
  1, 2 and 4 are correct     done clear
  D)
  1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer21)
  Which one of the following statements is not correct?
  A)
  Phosphorous is abundant in nature. done clear
  B)
  Phosphates in the soil are taken into plants for protein synthesis. done clear
  C)
  Phosphates pass through the food chain. done clear
  D)
  Guano droppings are used as fertilizers. done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer22)
  22.      Which one of the following is not correct?
  A)
  The application of chemical fertilizers in modem agriculture damage the phosphorous cycle. done clear
  B)
  The application of chemical fertilizers make the soils sustainable. done clear
  C)
  Application of chemical fertilizers change the soil chemistry. done clear
  D)
  Erosion and weathering are more serious in the soils in which heavy doses of chemical fertilizers is used. done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer23)
  23.      Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. Ecological succession occurs when older communities of plants and animals are replaced by new communities.

  2. In ecological succession, the new communities are usually more simple.

  A)
  1 and 2 are correct        done clear
  B)
  Only 1 is correct done clear
  C)
  Only 2 is correct          done clear
  D)
  Neither 1 nor 2 is correct done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer24)
  Which one of the following is not correct?
  A)
  The process whereby different and usually more complex assemblages of plants and animals replace older and usually simpler communities is called ecological succession. done clear
  B)
  Ecosphere is another name for the biosphere. done clear
  C)
  The role that an organism takes in the ecosystem is known as ecological niche. done clear
  D)
  Ecological succession does not need an initiating disturbance. done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer25)
  Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. A bare rock can be a site for primary succession.

  2. The initial community is called as a pioneer community.

  3. Secondary succession begins on an abandoned farm of formerly ploughed field.

  A)
  1 and 2 are correct        done clear
  B)
  1 and 3 are correct done clear
  C)
  2 and 3 are correct        done clear
  D)
  1, 2 and 3 are correct done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer26)
  Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. In ecology, fire is recognised as an ingredient of community succession.

  2. Controlled fire secures plant reproduction and prevents accumulation of forest litter.

  A)
  Only 1 is correct          done clear
  B)
  Only 2 is correct done clear
  C)
  Both 1 and 2 are correct  done clear
  D)
  Neither 1 nor 2 is correct done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer27)
  Which one of the following is not correct?
  A)
  At present, fire is recognised as a natural component of most ecosystems. done clear
  B)
  In many forests, undergrowth is burned in controlled cool fire. done clear
  C)
  When forests are not burned, they lead to abundant undergrowth accumulation. done clear
  D)
  The undergrowth accumulation of litter is conducive for the sustainability of the ecosystem. done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer28)
  Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. Food chain is the sequence of transfer of energy from the lower levels to the upper or higher trophic level.

  2. Food chain is the way an organism obtains physical, chemical and biological factors it needs to survive.

  A)
  1 and 2 are correct done clear
  B)
  Only 1 is correct done clear
  C)
  Only 2 is correct          done clear
  D)
  Neither 1 nor 2 is correct done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer29)
  Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. Lakes and ponds also exhibit ecological succession.

  2. A lake may be filled with nutrients and sediments, and as an aquatic plant takes root and grows, it captures more sediment and adds organic debris to the system.

  3. The gradual enrichment of water bodies is known as eutrophication.

  A)
  1 and 2 are correct        done clear
  B)
  1 and 3 are correct done clear
  C)
  2 and 3 are correct        done clear
  D)
  1, 2 and 3 are correct done clear
  View Solution play_arrow

• question_answer30)
  Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. Basically, all animals depend on plants for their food.

  2. Rabbits eat grasses and foxes may eat rabbit.

  3. A hawk eats a lizard, the lizard had just eaten a grasshopper.

  4. The food-web is similar in all the tropical countries.

  A)
  1, 2 and 3 are correct    done clear
  B)
  1, 3 and 4 are correct done clear
  C)
  1, 2 and 4 are correct     done clear
  D)
  1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct done clear
  View Solution play_arrow