Answer:
The ammonolysis of alkyl halides
with ammonia is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which ammonia acts as
anucleophile by donating the electron pair on nitrogen atom to form primary
amine as the initial product. Now, the primary amine can act as nucleophile and
combine with alkyl halide (if available) to give secondary amine and the reaction
continues in the same way to form tertiary amine and finally quaternary
ammonium salt. Thus, a mixture of products is formed and it is not possible to
separate individual amines from the mixture.
\[\underset{\begin{smallmatrix}
\\
\text{Alkyl}\,\,\text{halide}
\end{smallmatrix}}{\mathop{R-X}}\,\xrightarrow[-HX]{\overset{\centerdot
\,\centerdot }{\mathop{N}}\,{{H}_{3}}}\,R-\overset{\centerdot \,\centerdot
}{\mathop{N}}\,{{H}_{2}}\,\xrightarrow[-HX]{R-X}\,\]
\[{{R}_{2}}\overset{\centerdot \,\centerdot
}{\mathop{N}}\,H\xrightarrow[-HX]{R-X}{{R}_{3}}\overset{\centerdot \,\centerdot
}{\mathop{N}}\,\,\xrightarrow{R-X}\,{{R}_{4}}\overset{+}{\mathop{N}}\,{{X}^{-}}\]
You need to login to perform this action.
You will be redirected in
3 sec
