Answer:
The outer electronic configuration
of thallium is \[6{{s}^{2}}\,6{{p}^{1}}\]. Therefore, it can show oxidation
states of +1 and +3. But due to inert pair effect, the \[6{{s}^{2}}\] electrons
are more strongly attracted by the nucleus than \[6{{p}^{1}}\] electron.
Therefore, \[6{{s}^{2}}\] electrons do not participate in bond formation.
Instead only \[6{{p}^{1}}\] electron takes part in bond formation and hence
thallium shows an oxidation state of + 1. Thus, + 1 oxidation state of thallium
is more stable than its + 3 state.
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