Answer:
(i) The city of London
encouraged a new spirit of individualism among both men and women and a freedom
from the collective values that were a feature of the smaller rural
communities.
(ii) Both
men and women did not have equal access to this new urban space.
(iii)
As women lost their industrial jobs, conservative people spoke against their
presence in public spaces, women were forced to withdraw into their houses.
(iv)
The public space became increasingly a male preserve and home was seen as the
proper place for women.
So this theory
of individualism promoted liberty, rights or independent action of the
individual, rather than of the community or the family.
(i) In sharp contrast to
western Europe, the Indian cities did not mushroom in the 19th century.
(ii) The
pace of urbanization in India was slow under the colonial rule.
(iii)
In the early 20th century, no more than 11 per cent of Indians were living in
the cities.
(iv) A
large proportion of these urban dwellers were residents of the three Presidency
cities, the multifunctional cities, having major ports, warehouses, homes and
offices, army camps as well as educational institutions, museums and libraries.
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