Answer:
Italy
had a long history of political fragmentation are
(a) Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as
the multi-national Habsburg empire.
(b) During the middle of the 19th century,
Italy was divided into seven states of which only one, Sardinia-Piedmont
was ruled by an Italian Princely House.
(c) The North under Austrian Habsburgs, the center
was ruled by the pope and the southern regions were under the domination of the
Bourbon kings of Spain.
(d) Even the Italian language had not any standard common
form. It had many regional and local variations.
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