Answer:
(i) In the countryside poor peasants and
artisans began looking for merchants. This was a time when open fields were disappearing
and commons were closed.
(ii) Cottagers and poor peasants, who
had earlier depended on common lands for their survival, had to now look for
alternative sources of income.
(iii) Many had small land
holdings, which could not provide work for all the members of the family.
(iv) So merchants came around
and offered advances to produce goods for them, peasants eagerly agreed.
(v) By working for the
merchants, they could remain in the countryside and continue to cultivate their
small plots.
(vi) So income from proto-industrialization
supplemented their shrinking income from cultivation and raised their standard
of living.
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