Answer:
(i)
The ideas of enlightenment thinkers: Collectively, their writings provided a
critical commentary on tradition, superstition and despotism. People argued for
the rule of reason rather than custom and demanded that everything be judged
through the application of reason and rationality. The writings of Voltaire and
Rousseau were read widely and those who read these books saw the world through
new eyes.
(ii) Print created a new culture of
dialogue and debate: People had become aware of the power of reason and recognized
the need to question existing ideas and beliefs. So new ideas of social
revolution came into being.
(iii) There was an outpouring of literature
that mocked the royalty and criticized their morality: Many cartoons and
caricatures suggested that monarchy enjoys its own comforts, while common people
suffered. The literature was circulated underground and led to the growth of
hostile sentiments against the monarchy.
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