Answer:
Conservation
Movements:
Chipko Movement: It was organized in the Himalayas, to
resist deforestation in several areas. They also opted for community afforestation
to save indigenous species. They made attempts to revive the traditional conservation
methods.
(ii) Beej
Bachao Andolan: Farmers and citizens group in Tehri have shown that diversified
crop production is possible without the use of synthetic chemicals and these
methods are economically viable.
Joint
Forest Management (JFM): It is a good example of involving local communities in
the management and restoration of degraded forests. The programme was started in
1988 when the state of Odisha passed the first resolution for Joint Forest
Management.
JFM depends
on the formation of local institutions that undertake protection activities
mostly on degraded forest land managed by the forest department. In return, the
members of these communities are entitled to intermediary benefits like
non-timber forest produces and share in the timber harvested through successful
protection.
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