UPSC Geography Oceans and Continents / महासागरों और महाद्वीपों Short Notes - World Geography (Europe)

World Geography (Europe)

• It is the second smallest continent.
• Stretches from 35°N to 80°N latitude and from 10°W to 60°E longitude.
• Separated from Asia by Russia's Ural mountains and the Caspian and Black sea.
• Highest point- Elbrus.
• Lowest point- Caspian sea (28 m below sea level).
• Mountains- Ural Mt. Scandinavia, Mt. Old Block. The Alpine Alps, Jura.
• Carpathian Balkan.
• Deserts- Halendi, Bedowska, Deliblatska Pescara, Oltenian Sahara, Taberna Desert.
• Rivers- Rhone, Ebro, Po, Danube Dnieper, Don, Rhine, Seine, Thame, Elbe.
• Mild climate, moderate rain.
• Tundra, Taiga, Steppes (temperate grasslands).
• Trees- Elm, Oak, Beech Ash, Olive(most important tree)
• Minerals - Iron ore, Petroleum Mercury, Sulphur, Copper, Coal.
• European belong to white race known as Caucasian race.
• There are three distinct branches: Nordic people (tall, fair with very light hair and eyes.) Mediterranean people (shorter with dark skin, hair and eyes) and Mongoloid people (heavily built, as Lapps and Finns).