Azeotropic Mixture
Category : JEE Main & Advanced
Azeotropes are defined as the mixtures of liquids which boil at constant temperature like a pure liquid and possess same composition of components in liquid as well as in vapour phase. Azeotropes are also called constant boiling mixtures because whole of the azeotropes changes into vapour state at constant temperature and their components can not be separated by fractional distillation. Azeotropes are of two types as described below,
(1) Minimum boiling azeotrope : For the solutions with positive deviation there is an intermediate composition for which the vapour pressure of the solution is maximum and hence, boiling point is minimum. At this composition the solution distills at constant temperature without change in composition. This type of solutions are called minimum boiling azeotrope. e.g.,
\[{{H}_{2}}O+{{C}_{2}}{{H}_{5}}OH,{{H}_{2}}O+{{C}_{2}}{{H}_{5}}C{{H}_{2}}OH\]
\[CHC{{l}_{3}}+{{C}_{2}}{{H}_{5}}OH\], \[{{(C{{H}_{3}})}_{2}}CO+C{{S}_{2}}\]
(2) Maximum boiling azeotrope : For the solutions with negative deviations there is an intermediate composition for which the vapour pressure of the solution is minimum and hence, boiling point is maximum. At this composition the solution distill`s at constant temperature without the change in composition. This type of solutions are called maximum boiling azeotrope. e.g.,
\[{{H}_{2}}O+HCl,{{H}_{2}}O+HN{{O}_{3}},{{H}_{2}}O+HCl{{O}_{4}}\]
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