8th Class Mental Ability Analogy 372 Analogy and Classification

 ANALOGY

Analogy refers to similar relationship between two or three numbers or letters or figures or words or things etc.

Relationships:

The two numbers, letters, figures may be related in any of the various ways. Some of them are as follows:

•          One number is twice or half the other one.
•          One number is greater than or less than the other number.
•          They are consecutive odd, even or prime numbers.
•          One number is square or square root, cube or cube root of the other number.
•          Letters at alternate positions in the English alphabet.
•          Skipping of letters in the English alphabet.
•          Movements or rotation of a figure or different elements of a figure in different directions. 

EXAMPLE

1.         Choose that set of numbers from the options that is similar to the given set.

             Given set: (3, 18, 36)

            (a) (2, 7, 8)                    (b) (6, 42, 45)      

            (c) (4, 24, 48)                 (d) (12, 72, 216)

Explanation (c):

In the set, 2nd number = \[\left( {{1}^{st}}number\times 6 \right)\] and 3rd number = \[\left( {{2}^{nd}}number\times 2 \right).\]

2.         There is a definite relationship between the pair given on the either side of::. Identify the relationship between the pair and find the missing figure.

             (a)                      (b)  

             (c)                       (d)

Explanation (b):

In the first figure of left pair small circles rotates \[180{}^\circ \] to get the second figure.

CLASSIFICATION

In "classification", we classify various items into a group on the basis of their common properties.

These items may be numbers, letters, figures, things, places etc.

In such type of problems, some items are given.

All these items except one are similar in some manner.

A candidate is required to identify the odd one out.

3.         Identify the odd one out.

            (a) 343                          (b) 121            

            (c) 125                          (d) 729

Explanation (b):

Except 121, all others are perfect cubes.

So the correct option is (b).

4.         Choose the figure which is different from the others.

            (a)                  (b)

            (c)                 (d)

Explanation (c):

Except (c), all other figures are divided into four parts.

So, the correct option is (c).