# 7th Class Mathematics Congruence of Triangles

Congruence of Triangles

Category : 7th Class

CONGRUENCE OF TRIANGLES

FUNDAMENTALS

•          Two figures, having exactly the same shape and size are said to be congruent.
•          Two triangles are said to be congruent, if pairs of corresponding sides and corresponding angles are equal.

Note: The symbol $\cong$ is used to denote 'is congruent to'.

•        Two line segments are congruent, If they have the same length, i.e. $\overrightarrow{AB}\cong \overrightarrow{CD}$ and is read as line segment $\overrightarrow{AB}$ is congruent to the line segment$\overrightarrow{CD}$.
•         Two angles are congruent, if they have the same measure. "$\angle A$ is congruent to $\angle B$" is written symbolically as $\angle A\cong \angle B$ or $\angle A=\angle B$.
•         (S.S.S.) Congruence criteria: If the three sides of a triangle are equal to the three corresponding sides of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

e.g.,

In the given figure, $\Delta \,ABC=\cong \Delta \,DEF$ by S. S. S. congruence condition.

•         (S.A.S.) congruence condition: If two sides and the included angle of a triangle are respectively equal to the two corresponding sides and the included angle of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

e.g.,

In the given figure, $\Delta \,ABC\cong \Delta \,DEF$ by S.A.S. congruence condition.

•          A.S.A. congruence condition: If two angles and an included side of one triangle are respectively equal to the two corresponding angles and the corresponding included side of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

e.g.,

In the given figure, $\Delta \,ABC\cong \Delta DEF\cong \Delta PRQ$ by A.S.A. congruence condition.

•         R.H.S. congruence condition: If the hypotenuse and a side of a right angled triangle, are equal to the hypotenuse and the corresponding side of another right angled triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

e.g.,

In the given figure, $\Delta \,ABC\cong \Delta DEF$ by R.H.S. congruence condition.

•         There is no A.A.A. congruence condition for congruence of triangles. Two triangles with equal corresponding angles need not be congruent. In such case, $\Delta les$ are called similar triangles but not congruent.
•         The order of the letters in the names of congruent triangles displays the corresponding relationships.

Thus, If $\Delta ABC\cong \Delta EDF,$ A lies on E, B on D and C on F. Also $\overrightarrow{AB}$ lies along $\overrightarrow{ED},\overrightarrow{BC}$along $\overrightarrow{DF}$ and $\overrightarrow{AC}$ along $\overrightarrow{EF}$.

For e.g., In the following figure, if we consider$\Delta \,Alpha Beta C\cong \Delta \,FEpsilon D$ then$AB=FE,\text{ }BC=ED$and$CA=DF$.

Elementary Question: See the figure below and state True or False.

Then, $\Delta \,Alpha Beta C\cong \Delta \,PQR\,\,\,\,(T/F)$

Answer: False, correct statement will be

$\Delta ,Alpha Beta C\cong \Delta \,PRQ$

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