Kinds of Voice
Category : 7th Class
Kinds of Voice
There are two kinds of voice:
Active Voice
In active voice, the object receives the action of the verb.
Example: You play cricket.
Passive Voice
In passive voice the subject receives the action of the verb.
Example: Cricket is played by you.
Rules how to change active to passive:
1. Subject changes into object and object changes into subject.
2. Use of helping verb according to Tense.
3. Use of third form of the verb.
4. Use of 'by' before a subject which changes into object.
Active: He (subject) + writes (verb) + a + letter (object)
Passive: A letter (subject) + is (helping verb) + written by (3rd) + him (object)
Remember
I changes into me
We changes into us
They changes into them
He changes into him
She changes into her
Who changes into by whom
Changing of active into passive as per tense
Simple Present
In simple present tense, use is/ are/ am as helping verb.
Affirmative
Active : You bring a book
Passive : A book is brought by you.
Negative
Active : You do not bring a book
Passive : A book is not brought by you
Interrogative
Active : Do you bring a book?
Passive : Is a book brought by you?
Interrogative with 'wh' family
Active : What do you bring?
Passive : What is brought by you?
Active : Who brought a book?
Passive : By whom is a book brought?
While changing into passive
Note: Use helping verb according to object in Active Voice.
Present Continuous Tense
In present continuous tense use is/ are/ am + being as a helping verb.
Affirmative
Active : He is making noise.
Passive : Noise is being made by him.
Negative
Active : He is not making noise.
Passive : Noise is not being made by him.
Interrogative
Active : Is he making noise?
Passive : Is noise being made by him?
Interrogative with 'wh' family
Active : What is he doing?
Passive : What is being done by him.
Active : Who is making noise?
Passive : By whom is noise being made?
Present Perfect Tense
In present perfect tense use has/ have + been as helping verb.
Affirmative
Active : He has won the match.
Passive : The match has been won by him.
Negative
Active : He has not won the match.
Passive : The match has not been won by him.
Interrogative
Active : Has he won the match?
Passive : Has the match been won by him?
Interrogative with 'wh' family
Active : What has he won?
Passive : What has been won by him?
Active : Who has won the match?
Passive : By whom has the match been won?
Simple Past
In simple past use was/ were as helping verb.
Affirmative
Active : He wrote a story.
Passive : A story was written by him.
Negative
Active : He did not write a story.
Passive : A story was not written by him.
Interrogative
Active : Did he write a story?
Passive : Was a story written by him?
Interrogative with 'wh' family
Active : What did he write?
Passive : What was written by him?
Active : Who wrote a story?
Passive : By whom was a story written?
Past Continuous Tense
In past continuous tense use was/ were + being as helping verb.
Affirmative
Active : He was preparing the report.
Passive : The report was being prepared by him.
Negative
Active : He was not preparing the report.
Passive : The report was not being prepared by him.
Interrogative
Active : Was he preparing the report?
Passive : Was the report being prepared by him?
Interrogative with 'wh' family
Active : What were you doing?
Passive : What was being done by you?
Active : Who was preparing the report?
Passive : By whom was the report being prepared?
Past Perfect Tense
In past perfect tense use 'had been' as helping verb.
Affirmative
Active : The government had passed the bill.
Passive : The bill had been passed by the government.
Negative
Active : The government had not passed the bill.
Passive : The bill had not been passed by the government.
Interrogative
Active : Had the government passed the bill?
Passive : Had the bill been passed by the government?
Interrogative with 'wh' family
Active : What had the government done?
Passive : What had been done by the government?
Active : Who had passed the bill?
Passive : By whom had the bill been passed?
Simple Future Tense
In simple future use shall/ will + be as helping verb.
Affirmative
Active : The Chief Minister will review the situation.
Passive : The situation will be reviewed by the Chief Minister.
Negative
Active : The Chief Minister will not review the situation.
Passive : The situation will not be reviewed by the Chief
Minister.
Interrogative
Active : Will the Chief Minister review the situation?
Passive : Will the situation be reviewed by the Chief Minister?
Interrogative with 'wh' family
Active : What will the Chief Minister do?
Passive : What will be done by the Chief Minister?
Active : Who will review the situation?
Passive : By whom will the situation be reviewed?
Future Perfect Tense
In future perfect use shall/ will + have been as helping verb.
Affirmative
Active : She will have reached Mumbai.
Passive : Mumbai will have been reached by her.
Negative
Active : She will not have reached Mumbai.
Passive : Mumbai will not have been reached by her.
Interrogative
Active : Will she have reached Mumbai?
Passive : Will Mumbai have been reached by her?
Interrogative with 'wh' family
Active : What will she have done?
Passive : What will have been done by her?
Active : Who will have reached Mumbai?
Passive : By whom will Mumbai have been reached
Sentence with Two Objects
Active : She writes a letter to me.
Passive : A letter was written to me by her.
or
I was written a letter by her.
In few sentences subject is omitted in passive.
Active : Someone stole my pen.
Passive : My pen was stolen.
Active : Everybody builds houses.
Passive : Houses are built.
Imperative Sentence
Active : Help the poor.
Passive : Let the poor be helped.
Active : Switch off the fan.
Passive : Let the fan be switched off.
Active : Open the door.
Passive : Let the door be opened.
Modal verb based sentence:
Active : I can buy a bike.
Passive : A bike can be bought by me.
Active : You should win the prize.
Passive : Prize should be won by you.
Note: Use 'be' in modal verb based sentence while changing into passive.
Passive Voice of Imperative Sentence
There are specific rules to change the voice of different Imperative Sentences.
(i) Passive Voice of Command / Order or Prohibition
When a command / order or prohibition is changed into Passive Voice, the word 'let' is used in the beginning. The Imperative Verb is changed into be + \[{{\text{V}}_{\text{3}}}\] (Past Participle)
Active : Imperative Verb + object.
Example : Close the window.
Passive : Let + Object + be + \[{{\text{V}}_{\text{3}}}\]
Example : Let the window be closed.
Active : Imperative Verb + Object.
Example : Don't lift the box.
Passive : Let + Object + be + not + \[{{\text{V}}_{\text{3}}}\]
Example : Let the box be not lifted.
(ii) Passive Voice of Advice
When an advice is changed into Passive Voice the Object of the advice is changed into the Subject and used in the beginning. The Imperative Verb is changed into should / must + be + \[{{\text{V}}_{\text{3}}}\] (Past Participle)
Active : Imperative Verb + object.
Example : Take exercise daily.
Passive : Object + should / must + be + \[{{\text{V}}_{\text{3}}}\]
Example : Exercise should be taken daily.
Active : Imperative Verb + object
Example : Obey the teacher.
Passive : Object + should / must + be + \[{{\text{V}}_{\text{3}}}\]
Example : The teacher should be obeyed.
(iii) Passive Voice of Request
When a request is changed into Passive Voice, a Phrase you are requested to is placed in the beginning. The Imperative Verb gets no change.
Active : Please + Verb + object.
Example : Please help me.
Passive : You are requested to + Verb + object.
Example : You are requested to help me.
Active : Please + verb + object.
Example : Please read this letter.
Passive : You are requested to + verb + object.
Example : You are requested to read this letter.
Passive Voice of verbs with Two Objects
While changing the voice of verbs with two objects, either of the two objects can be made the subject of the Passive Voice. The other object remains unchanged.
Active : Subject + \[{{\text{V}}_{2}}\] + \[{{\text{O}}_{\text{1}}}\] (indirect Object) + (Direct Object)
Example : Rita gave Rahul a book.
Passive : \[{{\text{O}}_{\text{1}}}\]+ was/were + \[{{\text{V}}_{\text{3}}}\]+ \[{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\]+ by + subject.
Example : Rahul was given a book by Rita.
Passive : \[{{\text{O}}_{\text{1}}}\] + was/ 'were + \[{{\text{V}}_{\text{3}}}\] + \[{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\]+ by + Subject.
Example : A book was given to Rahul by Rita.
Active : Subject + V1 + \[{{\text{O}}_{\text{1}}}\] + \[{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\]
Example : Vishal gave Sanjeev a mobile.
Passive : \[{{\text{O}}_{\text{1}}}\] + was/were +\[{{\text{V}}_{\text{3}}}\] + \[{{\text{O}}_{\text{1}}}\] + by + subject.
Example : Sanjeev was given a mobile by Vishal.
Passive - : \[{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\]+ was/ were + \[{{\text{V}}_{\text{3}}}\] + \[{{\text{O}}_{\text{1}}}\]+ by + Subject.
Example : A mobile was given to Sanjeev by Vishal.
Change the following sentences into passive voice.
The Prime Minister will preside over the meeting.
(A) The meeting will presided over by The Prime Minister.
(B) The meeting will been presided over by The Prime Minister.
(C) The meeting will be presided over by The Prime Minister.
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer: (C)
Explanation: The meeting will be presided over by The Prime Minister.
The government look into the matter.
(A) The metter should be looked into by the government
(B) The metter should being looked into by the government
(C) The metter should have looked into by the government
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer: (A)
Explanation: The mater should be looked into by the government.
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