Analogy and Classification
Category : 6th Class
ANALOGY
Analogy refers similar relationship between two or three numbers or letters or words or figures or things etc.
Relationships: The two numbers/letters/figures may be related in any of the various ways. Some of them are as follows:
· One number is twice or half the other one.
· One number is greater than or less than the other number by a number.
· They are consecutive odd, even or prime numbers.
· Letters at alternate positions in the English alphabet.
· Skipping of letters in the English alphabet.
· Movements or rotation of a figure or different elements of a figure in different directions.
EXAMPLE
1. 12 is to 24 as 24 is to ________.
(a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 24 (d) 48
Explanation (d):
The second number on the left of 'as' is double the first number and so the second number on the right of 'as' should be double the first number.
Required number 
Thus, the correct option is (d).
2. Which figure will replace the question mark in the second pair on the right of:: in the same way as the first pair on the left of :: ?
(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
Explanation (c):
The first figure rotates 
CW to obtain the second figure.
Hence, the correct option is (c).
CLASSIFICATION
In 'classification', we classify various items into a group on the basis of their common properties.
These items may be numbers, letters, figures, things, places etc.
In such type of problems, some items are given.
All these items except one are similar in some manner.
A candidate is required to identify the odd one out.
Let us illustrate problems with the help of examples.
3. Choose the odd one out.
(a) 10 (b) 40 (c) 64 (d) 81
Explanation (d):
Except 81, all other are even numbers.
So, the correct option is (d).
4. Choose a figure which is different from the rest.
(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
Explanation (d):
All other squares have a point except in option (d).
So, the correct option is (d).
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