Passive Voice
Category : 5th Class
Passive voice
When the subject (Person or thing) is the receiver of an action, the form of the verb is said to be in Passive Voice.
See the difference between these two sentences
In the second sentence, the form of the verb shows that the subject Maya is the receiver of the action or something is done to the subject. In other words it can also be said that the subject is not Active hut Passive. So the Verb form is helped is said to be in passive voice.
Therefore, active voice is a direct way to show an action whereas passive voice is an indirect way to show action.
NOTE:
Changing of Active Voice into Passive Voice
Rules to change Active sentence into Passive.
(i) The subject of active voice becomes object of passive voice and object of active voice becomes subject of passive voice.
Active : Rahul eats mango.
Passive : Mango is eaten by Rahul.
Rahul becomes object and mango becomes the subject in the passive voice.
(ii) The form of the Verb changes according to its tense. It becomes :
Be + Past Participle of the verb;
Active : Rahul eats mango.
Passive : Mango is eaten by Rahul.
(iii) The number of the Verb changes according to the Subject of the Passive Voice.
Active : Rahul eats mangoes.
Passive : Mangoes are eaten by Rahul.
(iv) The subject ofthe Verb in the Active Voice becomes the Object in the Passive Voice which is expressed as:- by + agent.
This agent is the Subject of the verb in the Active Voice.
Active : Rahul eats mango.
Passive : Mango is eaten by Rahul.
Steps to Change Active Voice into Passive Voice
Following are the steps taken to change active voice into passive one:
Step 1 : Replace the subject by object and object by subject.
Step 2 : Make subject an agent to the verb.
Step 3 : Use 'by' before agent to the verb.
Step 4 : Use Helping verb as per tense.
Step 5 : Put the IIIrd form of the verb.
Changing of 'verb form' from active to passive in different 'tense forms'.
Present Tense
Simple Present Tense
Active : Subject + Verb + Object
Example : Richa eats apple.
Passive : Object + is / am /are + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject
Example : Apple is eaten by Richa.
Present Continuous Tense
Active : Subject + is / am / are + verb (ing) + Object.
Example : Richa is eating apple.
Passive : Object + is / am / are + being + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject.
Example : Apple is being eaten by Richa.
Present Perfect Tense
Active : Subject + has / have + \[{{V}_{3}}\]+ Object
Example : Richa has eaten apple.
Passive : Object + has / have + been + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject.
Example : Apple has been eaten by Richa.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
No Passive.
Past Tense
Simple Past Tense
Active : Subject + \[{{V}_{2}}\] Object
Example : Richa ate an apple
Passive : Object + was / were + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by+Subject
Example : An apple was eaten by Richa.
Past Continuous Tense
Active : Subject + was / were + verb (ing) + Object.
Example : Richa was eating an apple.
Passive : Object+was/were + being + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject
Example : An apple was being eaten by Richa
Past Perfect Tense
Active : Subject+ had + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + Object
Example : Richa had eaten apple.
Passive : Object + had + been + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject
Example : An apple had been eaten by Richa.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
No Passive
Future Tense
Simple Future Tense
Active : Subject + shall / will + verb + object
Example : Richa will eat an apple.
Passive : Object + shall / will + be + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject.
Example : An apple will be eaten by Richa.
Future Continuous Tense
No Passive
Future Perfect Tense
Active : Subject + shall/ will + have + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + Object.
Example : Richa will have eaten an apple.
Passive : Object + shall/ will + have + been + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + subject
Example : An apple will have been eaten by Richa.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
No Passive
Modal verbs (can, could, may, might, must, should, would + main verb):
Active : Subject + model + verb + object.
Example : Richa can eat apple.
Passive : Object + model + be + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject.
Example : Apple can be eaten by Richa.
Actiye : Richa should eat an apple.
Passive : Apple should be eaten by Richa.
Active : Richa may eat apple.
Passive : An apple may be eaten by Richa.
Passive Voice of Interrogative Sentence
When Active Voice of Interrogative Sentence is changed into Passive voice, the structure of the question remains the same. Same rules for changing different Tense forms are applied.
(i) Passive Voice of Questions starting with an Auxiliary Verb
Active : Auxi. Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Object
Example : Does Shivam eat bread?
Passive : Auxi. Verb + Object + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject
Example : Is bread eaten by Shivam?
NOTE:
The Auxiliary Verbs do, does, did of Active Voice in Interrogative sentence change into is, am, was, were in Passive Voice.
Active : Auxi. Verb + Subject + Verb (ing) + Object
Example : Is Shivam eating bread?
Passive : Auxi. Verb + Object + being + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + subject
Example : Is bread being eaten by Shivam
Active : Auxi Verb + subject + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + Object.
Example : Has Shivam eaten bread?
Passive : Auxi. Verb + object + been + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + Subject
Example : Has bread been eaten by Shivam.
(ii) Passive Voice of Wh - Questions
When Active Voice of a 'wh'- question is changed into Passive Voice, the question word is retained in the beginning and by + agent is placed at the end :
Active : What+Auxi.verb + Subject + Main Verb.
Example : What does Shivameat?
Passive : What + Auxi.verb + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + by + subject.
Example : What is eaten byShivam?
Active : Who + \[{{V}_{2}}\] + Object.
Example : Who ate bread?
Passive : By whom bread was eaten?
Passive Voice of Imperative Sentence
There are specific rules to change the voice of different Imperative sentence.
Passive Voice of Command / Order or Prohibition
When a command / order or prohibition is changed into Passive Voice, the word let is used in the beginning. The Imperative Verb is changed into be + \[{{V}_{3}}\] (Past Participle)
Active : Imperative Verb + object.
Example : Close the window.
Passive : Let + Object + be + \[{{V}_{3}}\]
Example : Let the window be closed.
Active : Imperative Verb + Object.
Example : Don't lift the box.
Passive : Let + Object + be + not + \[{{V}_{3}}\]
Example : Let the box be not lifted.
Passive Voice of Advice
When an 'advice' is changed into Passive Voice the object of the advice is changed into the subject and used in the beginning. The Imperative Verb is changed into should /must + be + \[{{V}_{3}}\] (Past Participle)
Active : Imperative Verb + object.
Example : Take milk daily.
Passive : Object + should/must + be + \[{{V}_{3}}\]
Example : Milk should be taken daily.
Active : Imperative Verb + object
Example : Obey the teacher.
Passive : Object + should/must + be + \[{{V}_{3}}\]
Example : The teacher should be obeyed.
Passive Voice of Request
When a request is changed into Passive Voice, a phrase 'you are requested to' is placed in the beginning. The Imperative Verb gets no change.
Active : Please + Verb + object.
Example : Please help me.
Passive : You are requested to + Verb + object.
Example : You are requested to help me.
Active : Please + verb + object
Example : Please read this letter.
Passive : You are requested to + verb + object.
Example : You are requested to read this letter
Passive Voice of verbs with two objects
While changing the voice of verbs with two objects, either of the two objects can be made the subject of the Passive Voice. The other Object remains unchanged.
Active : Subject + \[{{V}_{2}}\] + \[{{O}_{1}}\] (indirect Object) + \[{{O}_{2}}\] (Dir. Object)
Example : Shivam gave Krisha a pen.
Passive : \[{{O}_{1}}\] + was/were + \[{{V}_{3}}\] + \[{{O}_{2}}\] + by + subject.
Example : Krishan was given a pen by Shivam.
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