Notes - Analogy
Category : 12th Class
Introduction
The word ANALOGY has been derived from two words - ‘ANA’ means ‘Relation’ and ‘LOGUS’ mean ‘Study’. The word ‘ANALOGY’ literally means (i) a similar feature, condition, state etc. Shared by two things that are compared and (ii) a process of reasoning based on similar feature of two things. Thus Analogy means ‘similar feature’ a common feature or corresponding. This chapter gives the relationship between various elements, things, terms phenomenon etc. The analogy test mainly concentrates on relationship. In this test different types of questions are asked.
Example:
(1) Tailor : Clothes : : Architect : Design
Explanation: Here two object related in some way are given and third object is also given with four or five alternative options. The candidates required to find out which one of the alternatives bears the same relation with the third object first and second objects are related.
For this chapter some relations are necessary to know:
|
Instruments |
Measurements |
|
Ammeter |
Electric current |
|
Anemometer |
Wind (speed and velocity) |
|
Altimeter |
Altitudes |
|
Audiometer |
Difference of hearing |
|
Barometer |
Atmospheric pressure |
|
Dynamometer |
Electric power |
|
Fathometer |
Depth of ocean |
|
Galvanometer |
Relative current |
|
Hygrometer |
Relative humidity |
|
Micrometer |
Small distance and Angles |
|
Pyrometer |
High temperature |
|
Pyrheliometer |
Solar Radiation |
|
Pyknometer |
Density |
|
Planimeter |
Area of plane surface |
|
Quadrant |
Altitude |
|
Radio Micrometer |
Heat Radiations |
|
Rain Guage |
Rainfall |
|
Refractometer |
Refractive index |
|
Spring Balance |
Weight of a body |
|
Spectrometer |
Refractive index |
|
Spectroscope |
Spectrum analysis |
|
Sextant |
Angular distance |
|
Salinometer |
Density of salt solution |
|
Seismometer |
Earthquakes |
|
Sphygmomanometer |
Blood pressure |
|
Lactometer |
Purity of milk |
|
Thermoscope |
Temperature changes |
|
Thermometer |
Temperature |
|
Voltmeter |
Potential difference |
|
Vernier |
Small dub divisions of scale |
|
Viscometer |
Viscosity |
|
Magnetic compass |
Direction |
|
Watch |
Time |
|
Taseometer |
Strains |
|
Screw Guage |
Thickness |
|
Worker |
Places |
|
Artist |
Theatre |
|
Beautician |
Parlour |
|
Clerk |
Office |
|
Doctor |
Hospital |
|
Driver |
Cabin |
|
Engineer |
Site |
|
Farmer |
Field/ Farm |
|
Grocer |
Shop |
|
Gambler |
Casino |
|
Kitchener or chef |
Kitchen |
|
Labourer |
Factory |
|
Lawyer |
Court |
|
Mechanic |
Garage |
|
Player |
Field |
|
Scientist |
Laboratory |
|
Teacher |
School |
|
Warrior |
Battlefield |
|
Sailor |
Ship |
|
Pilot |
Cockpit |
|
Servant |
House |
|
Waiter |
Restaurant |
|
Umpire |
Pitch |
|
Actor |
Stage |
|
Painter |
Gallery |
|
Professor |
University / College |
|
Worker |
Product |
|
Author |
Book / Article |
|
Architect |
Design |
|
Butcher |
Meat |
|
Blacksmith |
Iron |
|
Choreographer |
Ballet |
|
Carpenter |
Furniture |
|
Cobbler |
Shoes |
|
Chef |
Food |
|
Driver |
Vehicle |
|
Dramatist |
Play |
|
Editor |
Newspaper |
|
Farmer |
Crop |
|
Goldsmith |
Ornaments |
|
Hunter |
Prey |
|
Judge |
Justice |
|
Mason |
Wall or roof or floor |
|
Teacher |
Education |
|
Journalist |
News |
|
Producer |
Film |
|
Poet |
Poem |
|
Tailor |
Clothes |
|
Male |
Female |
|
Abbot |
Abbess |
|
Bull |
Cow |
|
Boy |
Girl |
|
Bridegroom |
Bride |
|
Bullock |
Heifer |
|
Buck |
Doe |
|
Boar |
Sow |
|
Bachelor |
Maid |
|
Czar |
Czarina |
|
Colt |
Filly |
|
Cock |
Hen |
|
Drone |
Bee |
|
Drake |
Duck |
|
Duke |
Duchess |
|
Don |
Donna |
|
Dog |
Bitch |
|
Earl |
Countess |
|
Emperor |
Empress |
|
Uncle |
Aunt |
|
Wizard |
Witch |
|
Executor |
Executrix |
|
Friar |
Nun or monk |
|
Nephew |
Niece |
|
Lion |
Lioness |
|
Tiger |
Tigress |
|
Horse |
Mare |
|
Man |
Woman |
|
Testator |
Testatrix |
|
Sultan |
Sultana |
|
Signor |
Signore |
|
Prosecutor |
Prosecutrix |
|
Hero |
Heroine |
|
Sorcerer |
Sorceress |
|
Murderer |
Murderess |
|
Marquis |
Marchioness |
|
Master |
Mistress |
|
Lad |
Lass |
|
Governor |
Governess |
|
Emperor |
Empress |
|
Sire |
Dam |
|
King |
Queen |
|
Hart |
Hind |
|
Pig |
Sow |
|
Sheep |
Ewe |
|
Birds / Animals |
Cries |
|
Apes |
Gibber |
|
Asses |
Bray |
|
Bees |
Hum |
|
Bulls |
Bellow |
|
Camels |
Grunt |
|
Cats |
Mew |
|
Cocks |
Crow |
|
Cows |
Caw |
|
Dogs |
Bark |
|
Elephant |
Trumpet |
|
Flies |
Buzz |
|
Frogs |
Croak |
|
Goats |
Bleat |
|
Hens |
Cluck |
|
Horses |
Neigh |
|
Jackals |
Howl |
|
Lion |
Roar |
|
Monkeys |
Chatter |
|
Owls |
Hoot |
|
Parrots |
Talk |
|
Pigeons |
Coo |
|
Pigs |
Grunt |
|
Sheep |
Bleat |
|
Snakes |
Hiss |
|
Animals |
Young one |
|
Deer |
Fawn |
|
Cat |
Kitten |
|
Frog |
Tadpole |
|
Dog |
Puppy |
|
Hen |
Chicken |
|
Lion |
Cub |
|
Man |
Child |
|
Duck |
Ducking |
|
Sheep |
Lamb |
|
Horse |
Pony |
|
Butterfly |
Catterpillar |
|
Insect |
Larva |
|
Cow |
Calf |
|
Tortoise |
Turtle |
|
Pig |
Farrow |
|
Stallion |
Colt |
|
Ass |
Foal |
|
Goat |
Kid |
|
Wolf |
Pup |
|
Worker |
Tools |
|
Author |
Pen |
|
Blacksmith |
Anvil |
|
Astronomer |
Telescope |
|
Bricklayer |
Trowel |
|
Warrior |
Sword |
|
Chef |
Knife |
|
Labourer |
Spade |
|
Tailor |
Needle |
|
Cobbler |
Awl |
|
Painter |
Brush |
|
Barber |
Scissor |
|
Doctor |
Stethoscope |
|
Soldier |
Gun |
|
Mason |
Plumbline |
|
Carpenter |
Saw |
|
Wood Cutter |
Axe |
|
Sculptor |
Chisel |
|
Farmer |
Plough |
|
Gardener |
Harrow |
|
Surgeon |
Scalpel |
|
Lumberjack |
Axe |
|
Jockey |
Tack |
|
Violinist |
Bow |
|
Country |
National Game |
|
Canada |
Ice Hockey |
|
Russia |
Bandy |
|
Scotland |
Golf |
|
England |
Football |
|
Japan |
Sumo Wrestling |
|
Spain |
Bull Fight |
|
USA |
Baseball |
|
France |
Football |
|
India |
Hockey |
|
Bangladesh |
Kabaddi |
|
Sri Lanka |
Volleyball |
|
Country |
River |
|
India |
Ganga, Brahmaputra, Kaveri, Godavary, Krishna, Tapti. Narmada |
|
England |
Clude, Thames |
|
Germany |
Elbe |
|
Italy |
Tiber |
|
Poland |
Vistula |
|
Austria |
Danube |
|
USA |
Colorado |
|
Turkey |
Kizilirmak |
|
Germany |
Rhine, Spree |
|
Pakistan |
Indus |
|
Bangaldesh |
Meghna, Padma |
|
China |
Yang-tse-Kiang, Hwang Ho |
|
Russia |
Volga |
|
Canada |
Mackenzie |
|
Columbia |
Magdalena |
|
Myanmar |
Irrawaddy |
|
France |
Seine |
|
Portugal |
Tagus |
|
Tribes |
Country |
|
Abor, Aptanis, Bhil, Baiga, Bhot, Bhotia, Badagas, Chakma, Munda / and Kol |
India |
|
Maori |
New Zealand |
|
Red Indian |
USA |
|
Bedouin |
UAE |
|
Negro |
Africa, America |
|
Afridi |
Pakistan |
|
Zulu, Boer |
South Africa |
|
Kurds |
Iraq |
|
Magyars |
Hungary |
|
Moor |
North Africa |
|
Pygmy |
Cango basin |
|
Semite |
Ethiopia |
|
Sherpa |
Nepal |
|
Kyrgyz |
Central Asia |
|
Tool |
Action |
|
Knife |
Cut |
|
Gun |
Shoot |
|
Pen |
White |
|
Microscope |
Magnify |
|
Steering |
Drive |
|
Chisel |
Carve |
|
Mattock |
Dig |
|
Oar |
Row |
|
Spade |
Dig |
|
Needle |
Sew |
|
Spoon |
Feed |
|
Spanner |
Grip |
|
Auger |
Bore |
|
Loudspeaker |
Amplify |
|
Scovill |
Scoop |
|
Filter |
Purify |
|
Ave |
Grind |
|
Shield |
Guard |
|
Topic |
Study |
|
Anthropology |
Man |
|
Cardiology |
Heart |
|
Zoology |
Animals |
|
Astronomy |
Future |
|
Botany |
Plants |
|
Onomatology |
Names |
|
Ethnology |
Human Races |
|
Herpetology |
Amphibians |
|
Penology |
Punishment |
|
Phycology |
Algae |
|
Histology |
Tissues |
|
Selenography |
Moon |
|
Taxonomy |
Classification |
|
Mycology |
Fungi |
|
Pathology |
Diseases |
|
Nephrology |
Kidney |
|
Ornithology |
Birds |
|
Seismology |
Earthquake |
|
Pedology |
Soil |
|
Virology |
Viruses |
|
Ontology |
Reality |
|
Astronomy |
Planets |
|
Bryology |
Bryophytes |
|
Nidology |
Nests |
|
Ecrinology |
Secretions |
|
Orography |
Mountains |
|
Malacology |
Molluses |
|
Carinology |
Skull |
|
Quantity |
Unit |
|
Length |
Metre |
|
Mass |
Kilogram |
|
Time |
Second |
|
Force |
Newton |
|
Work |
Joule |
|
Current |
Ampere |
|
Power |
Watt |
|
Area |
Hectare |
|
Pressure |
Pascal |
|
Acceleration |
m/sec2 |
|
Temperature |
Degree |
|
Luminous intensity |
Candela |
|
Frequency |
Hertz |
|
Charge |
Coulumb |
|
Energy |
Joule |
|
Resistance |
Ohm |
|
Conductivity |
Mho |
|
Volume |
Litre |
|
Velocity |
m/sec |
|
Potential |
Volt |
|
Magnetic field |
Oersted |
|
Product |
Raw Material |
|
Cloth |
Fibre |
|
Book |
Paper |
|
Sack |
Jute |
|
Shoes |
Leather |
|
Butter |
Milk |
|
Ghee |
Milk |
|
Metal |
Ore |
|
Linen |
Flax |
|
Omelette |
Egg |
|
jaggery |
Sugarcane |
|
Rubber |
Latex |
|
Prism |
Glass |
|
Wall |
Brick |
|
Oil |
Seed |
|
Furniture |
Wood |
|
Paneer |
Milk |
|
Paper |
Pulp |
|
Jewellery |
Gold |
|
Road |
Asphalt |
|
Wine |
Grapes |
|
Sugar |
Sugarcane |
|
Pullover |
Wool |
|
Diseases |
Causes |
|
Rabies |
Bite of mad dog |
|
Influenza |
Virus |
|
Malaria |
Female Mosquito |
|
Cholera |
Cholera vibrio |
|
Tuberculosis |
Tubercle Bacillus |
|
Filaria |
Male Mosquito |
|
Encephalitis |
Virus |
|
Scurvy |
Lack of Vitamin C |
|
Hydrophobia |
Bite of mad dog |
|
Typhoid |
Bacteria |
|
Small pox |
Virus |
|
Rickets |
Lack of Vitamin A and D |
|
Beri-Beri |
Lack of vitamin B1 |
|
Poliomyelitis |
Virus |
|
Word |
Intensity |
|
Sink |
Drown |
|
Chide |
Scold |
|
Wish |
Desire |
|
Anger |
Rage |
|
Crime |
Sin |
|
Kindle |
Bum |
|
Unhappy |
Sad |
|
Quarrel |
War |
|
Moist |
Drench |
|
Famous |
Renowned |
|
Busy |
Hasty |
|
Word |
Antonyms |
|
Adversity |
Prosperity |
|
Ancient |
Modern |
|
Advance |
Retreat |
|
Attraction |
Repulsion |
|
Attack |
Defend |
|
Agree |
Differ |
|
Arrival |
Departure |
|
Boon |
Bane |
|
Beautiful |
Ugly |
|
Borrow |
Lend |
|
Bright |
Dull |
|
Bound |
Free |
|
Bold |
Timid |
|
Beauty |
Ugliness |
|
Care |
Neglect |
|
Creditor |
Debtor |
|
Clever |
Stupid |
|
Clean |
Dirty |
|
Common |
Rare |
|
Create |
Destroy |
|
Collect |
Disperse |
|
Deep |
Shallow |
|
Dark |
Light |
|
Delay |
Hurry |
|
Decrease |
Increase |
|
Domestic |
Wild |
|
Difficult |
Easy |
|
Dwarf |
Giant |
|
Explicit |
Implicit |
|
Expeditious |
Dilatory |
|
Exterior |
Interior |
|
Elevate |
Depress |
|
Failure |
Success |
|
Folly |
Wisdom |
|
False |
True |
|
Front |
Rear |
|
Freedom |
Slavery |
|
Final |
Initial |
|
Fast |
Slow |
|
Friendly |
Hostile |
|
Frank |
Reserved |
|
Full |
Empty |
|
Fresh |
Stalo |
|
Fortunate |
Unfortunate |
|
Far |
Near |
|
Fat |
Thin |
|
Foreign |
Native |
|
Fold |
Unfold |
|
Faithful |
Faithless |
|
Gloomy |
Gay |
|
Go |
Come |
|
Gather |
Scatter |
|
Glory |
Shame |
|
Guest |
Host |
|
Hard |
Soft |
|
Happiness |
Sadness |
|
Hope |
Despair |
|
Heaven |
Hell |
|
Hero |
Villain |
|
Harsh |
Mlid |
|
Honest |
Dishonest |
|
Insert |
Extract |
|
Interior |
Exterior |
|
Important |
Unimportant |
|
inferior |
Superior |
|
Just |
Unjust |
|
Kind |
Cruel |
|
Kill |
Revive |
|
Long |
Short. |
|
Logical |
Illogical |
|
Light |
Heavy |
|
Liquid |
Solid |
|
Loose |
Tight |
|
Love |
Hate |
|
Lend |
Borrow |
|
Laugh |
Weep |
|
Legal |
illegal |
|
Lock |
Unlock |
|
Majority |
Minority |
|
Mental |
Physical |
|
Mortal |
Immortal |
|
Make |
Mar |
|
Male |
Female |
|
Maximum |
Minimum |
|
Native |
Foreign |
|
Word |
Antonyms |
|
Noble |
Ignoble |
|
Night |
Day |
|
Normal |
Abnormal |
|
Odd |
Even |
|
Oral |
Written |
|
Famous |
Notorious |
|
Often |
Seldom |
|
Open |
Shunt |
|
Pious |
Impious |
|
Positive |
Negative |
|
Pleasure |
Pain |
|
Pros |
Cons |
|
Public |
Private |
|
Use |
Abuse |
|
Useful |
Useless |
|
Victory |
Defeat |
|
Virtue |
Vice |
|
Vain |
Vice |
|
Vertical |
Horizontal |
|
Whole |
Part |
|
Weal |
Woe |
|
Warm |
Cool |
|
Wax |
Wane |
|
Young |
Old |
|
Yoke |
Liberty |
|
Word |
Synonyms |
|
Plentiful |
Surplus |
|
Love |
Affection |
|
Ghastly |
Garrulous |
|
Talkative |
Horrible |
|
Queer |
Strange |
|
Quote |
Cite |
|
Scold |
Chide |
|
Serious |
Grave |
|
Shy |
Bashful |
|
Tame |
Gentle |
|
Tough |
Hard |
|
Ugly |
Unsightly |
|
Vindicative |
Revengeful |
|
Wise |
Sagacious |
|
Yield |
Surrender |
|
Yoke |
Oppression |
|
Abash |
Disconcert |
|
Babble |
Prattle |
|
Bad |
Evil |
|
Bait |
Tease |
|
Bale |
Woe |
|
Bandit |
Robber |
|
Cab |
Cabriolet |
|
Calix |
Cup |
|
Deck |
Adorn |
|
Emulate |
Imitate |
|
Humane |
Kind |
|
Annihilate |
Destroy |
|
Absolve |
Forgive |
|
Adept |
Expert |
|
Brave |
Courageous |
|
Ban |
Prohibition |
|
Covert |
Hidden |
|
Emancipate |
Liberate |
|
Fabricate |
Construct |
|
Guile |
Fraud |
|
Hope |
Belief |
|
Joy |
Delight |
|
Laxity |
Slackness |
|
Lucky |
Fortunate |
|
Malady |
Illness |
|
Manifest |
Noticeable |
|
Misery |
Sorrow |
|
Obedient |
Submission |
|
Opulence |
Wealth |
|
Palatable |
Tarty |
|
Quaint |
Odd |
|
Quell |
Suppress |
|
Rigid |
Stift |
|
Renown |
Fame |
|
Sane |
Sensible |
|
Country |
Capital |
|
Afghanistan |
Kabul |
|
Algeria |
Algeria (Algiers) |
|
Australia |
Canberra |
|
Austria |
Vienna |
|
Argentina |
Buenos Aires |
|
Bangladesh |
Dhaka |
|
Belgium |
City of Brussels |
|
Bolivia |
La paz |
|
Bhutan |
Thimphu |
|
Brazil |
Brasilia |
|
Bulgaria |
Sofia |
|
Canada |
Ottawa |
|
Colombia |
Bogota |
|
Cuba |
Havana |
|
Costa Rica |
San Jose |
|
Denmark |
Copenhagen |
|
Ecuador |
Quito |
|
Ethiopia |
Addis Ababa |
|
Finland |
Helsinki |
|
France |
Paris |
|
Greece |
Athens |
|
Guinea |
Conakry |
|
Hungary |
Budapest |
|
Haiti |
Port-au-Prince |
|
Israel |
Tel Aviv |
|
Iraq |
Baghdad |
|
Indonesia |
Jakarta |
|
Italy |
Rome |
|
(ran |
Teheran |
|
UK |
London |
|
Tunisia |
Tunis |
|
Turkey |
Ankara |
|
Switzerland |
Bern |
|
Sweden |
Stockholm |
|
Peru |
Lima |
|
South Korea |
Seoul |
|
Kenya |
Nairobi |
|
Jordan |
Amman |
|
Japan |
Tokyo |
|
Russia |
Moscow |
|
Ukraine |
Kiev |
|
Myanmar |
Naypyidaw |
|
Laos |
Vientiane |
|
Libya |
Tripoli |
|
Location |
Space |
|
Wall street |
New York |
|
Red Fort |
New Delhi |
|
Taj Mahal |
Agra |
|
Pagoda |
Yangon |
|
Kremlin |
Moscow |
|
Oval |
London |
|
Jama Masjid |
New Delhi |
|
Chicago |
USA |
|
Red Square |
Moscow |
|
Pyramid |
Egypt |
|
Pentagon |
Washington |
|
Rock garden |
Chandigarh |
|
Golden Temple |
Amritsar |
|
Qutub Minar |
New Delhi |
|
Sydney |
Australia |
|
Albany |
New York |
|
Brown House |
Berlin |
|
Merdeka |
Jakarta |
|
Lotus |
Culture and Civilization |
|
White Pigeon |
Peace |
|
Black Band on arm |
Sorrow |
|
Olive branch |
Peace |
|
Maharaja |
Air India |
|
Red Triangle |
Family planning |
|
Victoria cross |
Bravery |
|
Black |
Sorrow |
|
Red light |
Danger |
|
Star |
Rank |
|
Swastika |
Fortune |
|
Crown |
Monarch |
|
Green light |
Clear |
|
Mace |
Majesty |
Snap Test
Direction: In each of the following question there are two words or two groups of letters on one side of the sign (::) and one word or a group of letters with a sign (?) of the other side. The relationship which obtains between the two words or two group of letter on one side of the sign : : is to be found in the word or two groups of letters and the missing word or a group of letter indicated by (?) on the other side. The missing word or a group of letters is given as one of the four alternatives. Select the best alternatives:
(a) Timid (b) Clatter
(c) Crawl (d) Hole
Ans. (c)
Explanation: Bird fly while snake crawl.
(a) Lahore (b) Islamabad
(c) Peshawar (d) Hyderabad
Ans. (b)
Explanation: New Delhi is the capital of India and similarly Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan.
(a) Victory (b) Death
(c) Enemy (d) Army
Ans. (b)
Explanation: Smoke causes pollution and war causes death.
(a) Actor (b) Director
(c) Audience (d) Produce
Ans. (b)
Explanation: Editor is responsibility for the subject matter published in a newspaper while the director is responsible for the subject matter and its way of presentation in the film.
(a) Furniture (b) Gold
(c) Wood (d) Iron
Ans. (a)
Explanation: Shoe is made or repaired by the cobber while furniture is made or repaired by the carpenter.
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