Population Trends in the World and India
Category : 12th Class
Population Trends in the World
The distribution of human population is not uniform throughout the world. Only about one third of the total land area is inhabited. Of the inhabited areas, some are thickly populated, others sparsely. This depends upon the availability of the requirements of life. About 56% of the total world population resides in Asia alone. Bangladesh is the most thickly populated country, and Australia, the most thinly populated.
Annual Birth, Death and Growth Rates for Human Population in 1973
S. No |
Region |
Population (Millions) |
Average Annual Birth Rate per 1,000 Individuals |
Average Annual Death Rate per 1,000 Individuals |
Annual Growth Rate Percent
|
(1) |
World |
3860 |
33 |
13 |
2.0 |
(2) |
Developed Countries |
1120 |
17 |
9 |
0.8 |
(3) |
Developing Countries |
2740 |
39 |
14 |
2.5 |
Population Trends in India
(1) Population : India with a population of 1027 million as 2001 census stands second in the world. The world leader in the matter of population is China with a population of 1160 million. India has only 2.42% of the world's land area but supports over 15.5% of the world's population. Thus, one in every 6 persons in the world is an Indian. India's population has been steadily rising since 1921. However, from the year 1921, often called the "big divide", its population started to swell up sharply. India's population has increased 3 times since independence (1947) when its population was 340 million. About 1800 individuals are born every hour, 17 million every year. India's population crossed one billion (100 crores) mark on May 11, 2000.
India's Population 1901 to 2001
Years |
Population |
Year |
Population |
1901 |
238,396,327 |
1961 |
439,234,771 |
1911 |
252,093,390 |
1971 |
548,159,652 |
1921 |
251,321,213 |
1981 |
683,329,097 |
1931 |
278,977,238 |
1991 |
846,302,688 |
1941 |
318,660,580 |
2001 |
1,027,015,247 |
1951 |
361,088,090 |
|
(2) Sex Ratio : Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per thousand males in a country or state. Sex composition is affected by three factors : (i) differentials in male-female ratio at birth, (ii) differentials in mortality conditions of males and females, and (iii) sex-selective migration. India is one of the few countries where the males are more than the females.
India's Sex Ratio 1901 to 2001
Year's |
Population density |
1901 |
972 |
1911 |
964 |
1921 |
955 |
1931 |
950 |
1941 |
945 |
1951 |
946 |
1961 |
941 |
1971 |
930 |
1981 |
934 |
1991 |
927 |
2001 |
933 |
(3) Literacy Rate : The literacy rate was 65.28% according to the 2001 census. It was 76.40 % for males and 54.16% for females. The literacy rate has been steadily increasing since 1951. Among the Union Territories, Lakshadweep has the highest literacy rate of 87.52%. Literacy rate is highest in Kerala (90.92%) and lowest in Bihar (47.53%). Any person who can read and write with understanding in any language is recorded as literate in census. All children below 7 years are shown as illiterate in the census.
India's Literacy Rate 1961 to 2001
Years |
1961 |
1971 |
1981 |
1991 |
2001 |
Literacy Rate |
24.02 |
29.45 |
43.56 |
52.21 |
65.38 |
Factors Favouring Population Growth
(1) Decrease in death rate.
(2) Increase in average life span.
(3) Better medical facilities.
(4) Control of insect vector's of fatal diseases and epidemics.
(5) Better sanitation.
(6) Proper care of new-born children and their mothers.
(7) Better nutrition and life amenities.
(8) Protection against wild life and adverse whether through living in houses.
Details of India's Population of 1981, 1991 and 2001
Date |
1981 Census |
1991 Census |
2001 Census |
Rise/ Fall |
|
Population : |
Total Males Females |
683,329,097 364,214,409 319,114,688 |
843,930,861 437,597,929 406,332,932 |
1,027,015,247 531,277,078 495,738,169 |
+ + + |
Decennial Population Growth : |
Absolute Percentage |
135,169,445 24.66% |
160,601,764 23.50% |
183,084,386 21.34% |
+ - |
Annual Population Growth Rate |
2.46% |
2.35% |
2.13% |
- |
|
Population Density per square Kilo metre |
216 |
267 |
324 |
+ |
|
Sex Ratio |
934 Females Per 1000 Males |
929 Females Per 1000 Males |
933 Females Per 1000 Males |
+ |
|
Literacy Rate : |
Total Males Females |
43.56% 56.37% 29.75% |
52.11% 63.86% 39.42% |
65.38% 75.85% 54.16% |
+ + + |
India's Population Density 1991 to 2001
Year's |
Population density |
1901 |
73 |
1911 |
77 |
1921 |
76 |
1931 |
85 |
1941 |
97 |
1951 |
110 |
1961 |
134 |
1971 |
167 |
1981 |
208 |
1991 |
267 |
2001 |
324 |
Percentage Age Groups in India
Years |
0-14 Years |
15-59 Years |
60 plus Years |
1970 |
42 |
54.5 |
3.5 |
1980 |
40 |
54.8 |
6.2 |
1990 |
36 |
57.5 |
6.5 |
2000 |
31.7 |
60.8 |
7.6 |
Parameters of 2001 census
(+183 million)
Males = 531.277 million
Females = 495.738 million
Other Information about Census 2001 :
State with highest literacy rate = Kerala 90.92% (94.2% in males and 88% in females).
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