10th Class Mathematics Related to Competitive Exam Verbal and Non-verbal Reasoning

Verbal and Non-verbal Reasoning

In this chapter, we will solve problems related to reasoning and aptitudes as we know that Reasoning and logic skills are an integral part of Mathematics.

Find the Missing Number

In such types of problems, we have to choose a missing number (or character) in the figure out of the given options.

•                   Example:

Find the missing number in the following figure.

(a) 1728                                                (b) 1331

(c) 729                                                              (d) 512

(e) None of these

Ans.     (b)

Explanation: Here the pattern is ________

\[{{(18+10+8)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}=216,\]

\[{{(15+12+22)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}=343,\]

\[{{(57+43+21)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}=1331\]

Direction Sense Problems

In such types of problems, we draw a diagram by using the given information. The following diagram shows all the directions in a proper manner.

•             Example:

If P is to the north of Q and R is to the west of Q, then in which direction is P with respect to R?

(a) North-east                                                     (b) South-west   

(c) North                                                               (d) South

(e) None of these

Ans.     (a)       

Explanation: Clearly from the diagram it is clear that P is in north-east direction with respect to R.

Blood-Relations Problems

In such types of problems, we should first be clear on the relations given in the following table:

Mother's father \[\to \] Maternal grand father

Mother's mother \[\to \] Maternal grand mother

Husband of aunt \[\to \]Uncle

Wife of maternal uncle \[\to \] Maternal aunt

Mother's brother \[\to \] Maternal uncle

Mother's sister \[\to \] Maternal aunt

Children of maternal uncle/aunt \[\to \]Cousins

Father's father \[\to \]Paternal grand father

Father's mother \[\to \]Paternal grand mother

Father's brother \[\to \] Uncle

Father's sister \[\to \] Aunt

Children of uncle \[\to \]Cousins

•             Example:

Pointing at a photo, A man said, "His father is the only son of my mother". The man has a relation from the person in the photo is of _____

(a) Uncle                                                           (b) Grandfather

(c) Father                                                           (d) Cousin

(e) None of these

Ans.     (c)

Explanation:

Clearly the photo belongs to man's son/so the man is the father of the person shown in the photo.

Figure Based Problems

In such types of problems, a series of figures is given which proceeds with a certain rule or pattern.

•              Example:

Find the figure which comes next in the series.

            (a)                                            (b)

            (c)                                            (d)

(e) None of these

Ans.     (b)

Explanation: Each next figure rotates \[45{}^\circ \] anticlockwise in each block and one line is added to its top and bottom alternatively.

Hence the answer figure is (b).