Answer:
Property
Group 13
Group 14
1.
Atomic
size
With
the exception of gallium, the atomic size in-creases from boron to thallium.
\[\underset{85pm}{\mathop{B}}\,\,\,\,\underset{143}{\mathop{Al}}\,\,\,\,\underset{135}{\mathop{Ga}}\,\,\,\,\underset{167}{\mathop{\ln
}}\,\,\,\,\underset{170}{\mathop{Tl}}\,\]
Atomic
size increases gradually from carbon to lead.
\[\underset{77}{\mathop{C}}\,\,\,\,\,\underset{118}{\mathop{Si}}\,\,\,\,\underset{122}{\mathop{Ge}}\,\,\,\,\underset{140}{\mathop{Sn}}\,\,\,\,\underset{146pm}{\mathop{Pb}}\,\]
2.
Ionisation
enthalpy
A
regular decreasing trend is not observed in first ionisation enthalpy.
\[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}}
In<Al<Ga<Tl<B \\
\end{array}\]
First
ionisation enthalpy de- creases from carbon to tin.
\[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}}
Sn\text{ }<\text{ }Pb\text{ }<\text{ }Ge\text{
}<\text{ }Si\text{ }<\text{ }C \\
\end{array}\]
3.
Metallic
character
Metallic
nature increases from boron to aluminium, then decreases from aluminium to
thallium.
Increases
gradually on moving down the group.
4.
Oxidation
states
+3 and +1 oxidation states the stability of +1 increases
while that of +3 decreases on moving down the group.
+4 and +2 oxidation states the stability of +2 increases
while that of +4 decreases on moving down the group.
5.
Nature
of halides
All
form trihalides of the type \[M{{X}_{3}}\] the stability decreases from boron
to thallium. Thallium also forms stable\[TlCl\].
All
form tetrahalides of the type\[M{{X}_{4}}\]. Stability decreases. \[Ge,\text{
}Sn\]and \[Pb\]also form dihalides, \[M{{X}_{2}}\]. Stability increases.
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