Answer:
(a)
In a covalent bond, the overlapping between half filled atomic orbitals which
have definite directions takes place i.e., shared electron pair/pairs are localized
between two atoms. Thus, covalent bond is known as a directional bond.
In
ionic compounds, each ion has its influence in all directions, hence it is
surrounded by a number of oppositely charged ions with no definite direction.
(b)
In water, the central oxygen atom is \[s{{p}^{3}}\]?hybridised whereas in\[C{{O}_{2}}\],
the central carbon atom is\[sp\]-hybridised. Net dipole moment of\[C{{O}_{2}}\]
is zero whereas \[{{H}_{2}}O\]has a considerable value. This shows \[C{{O}_{2}}\]is
linear whereas water has bent structure.
(c)
In ethyne, each carbon atom is sp-hybridised giving a linear structure.
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