Answer:
Fractionating column is the most important part of the fractional
distillation apparatus. This column is provided with some glass beads in it.
Separation
of miscible liquids by fractional distillation
It helps to obstruct the upward movement of the vapours of
the two liquids. The vapours of high boiling liquid gets condensed earlier (at
lower level). The energy (latent heat) released helps to take the vapours of
low boiling liquid to a height in the fractionating column.
The advantages are as given below
(i) This method can separate the liquids with a boiling
point difference about or less than 25 K,
(ii) During the process, both evaporation and condensation
take place simultaneously.
(iii) A mixture (like petroleum) can also be separated by
fractional distillation process which contains several components.
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