Answer:
Pedigree analysis is study of pedigree for the transmission of particular trait and finding the possibility of absence or presence of that trait in homozygous or heterozygous state in a particular individual and his family members.
Pedigree analysis is useful for the following:
(i) It is useful for the genetic counsellors to advice intending couples about the possibility of having children with genetic defects like haemophilia, colour blindness, alkaptonuria, phenylketonuria, thalassemia, sickle cell anaemia (recessive traits), brachydactyly and syndactyly (dominant traits).
(ii) Pedigree analysis indicates that Mendel's principles are also applicable to human genetics with some modifications found out later like quantitative inheritance, sex linked characters and other linkages.
(iii) It can indicate the origin of a trait in the ancestors, e.g., haemophilia appeared in Queen Victoria and spread in royal families of Europe through marriages.
(iv) It helps to know the possibility of a recessive allele to create a disorder in the progeny like thalassemia, muscular dystrophy, haemophilia.
(v) It can indicate about the harm that a marriage between close relatives, may cause.
(vi) It helps to identify whether a particular genetic disease is due to a recessive gene or a dominant gene.
(vii) In certain cases it may help to identify the genotypes of offspring yet to be born.
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