Answer:
Recombination refers to the generation of
new combination of genes which is different from the parental types. It is
produced due to crossing over that occurs during meiosis prior to gamete
formation.
Applications of Recombination
(i) It is a means of introducing
new combinations of genes and hence new traits.
(ii) It increases variability
which is useful for natural selection and under changed environment.
(iii) Since, the frequency of
crossing over depends upon the distance between the two genes, the phenomenon
is used for preparing linkage chromosome maps.
(iv) It has proved that genes
lie in a linear fashion in the chromosome.
(v) Breeders have to select
small or large population for obtaining the required cross-overs.
For obtaining cross-overs
between closely linked genes, a very large population is required.
(vi) Useful recombinations
produced by crossing over are picked up by breeders to produce useful new
varieties of crop plants and animals. Green revolution has been achieved in
India due to this selective picking up of useful recombinations. Operation flood
or white revolution is also being carried out on the similar lines.
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