Answer:
(a)Non-homologous Chromosome The law
of independent assortment holds true as long as two different genes are on
separate chromosomes. When the genes are on separate chromosome, the two
alleles of one gene (A and a) will segregate into gametes independently of the
two alleles of the other gene (B and b).
Equal numbers of four different gametes
will form AB, aB, Ab, ab. But if the two genes are on the same chromosome, then
they will be linked and will segregate together during meiosis, producing only
two kinds of gametes.
Homologous chromosomes are similar but
not identical. Each carries the same gene insame order but the alleles for each
trait may not be the same. Extra nuclear genetic elements are also called as
plasmids and shows the pattern of maternal inheritance.
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