Answer:
(i) Menstrual cycle is a series of monthly cyclic changes occurring in the ovaries and female genital tract which prepare the female for fertilization and pregnancy.
(ii) Menstrual cycle is regulated by following hormones:
(a) FSH-RF of hypothalamus stimulates adenohypophysis to secrete FSH.
(b) FSH transforms one primary follicle into a Graafian follicle and stimulates the secretion of estrogens from it.
(c) Estrogens regulate growth and functioning of secondary sex organs; proliferation of endometrium and stimulate the secretion of LH from adenohypophysis.
(d) LH stimulates ovulation; transformation of empty follicle into corpus lateum and secretion of progesterone from corpus luteum.
(e) Progesterone decreases the secretion of LH but promotes further proliferation of endometrium and secretion of uterine milk.
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