Answer:
The effect of atmosphere increases from
Li to Cs. Affinity towards oxygen of alkali metals is high and increases from Li
to Cs. On heating, lithium forms monoxide, \[L{{i}_{2}}O;\] sodium forms the
peroxide, \[N{{a}_{2}}{{O}_{2}}\] and potassium superoxide\[K{{O}_{2}}\].
\[4Li+{{O}_{2}}\to
2L{{i}_{2}}O(Lithium\,oxide)\]
\[4Na+{{O}_{2}}\to
\underset{SOdium\,oxide}{\mathop{2N{{a}_{2}}O}}\,\xrightarrow{{{O}_{2}}}\underset{Sodium\,peroxide}{\mathop{N{{a}_{2}}{{O}_{2}}}}\,\]
\[4K+{{O}_{2}}\to
2{{K}_{2}}O\xrightarrow{{{O}_{2}}}{{K}_{2}}{{O}_{2}}\xrightarrow{{{O}_{2}}}\underset{\begin{smallmatrix}
Potassium \\
\text{superoxide}
\end{smallmatrix}}{\mathop{{{K}_{2}}{{O}_{2}}}}\,\]
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