Answer:
(i) Nucleus loving groups are called
nucleophiles. They are negatively charged or electron rich species.
Examples:
Negatively Charged
Nucleophile
Electron Rich Nucleophile
\[C{{l}^{-}},B{{r}^{-}},{{I}^{-}},\overset{-}{\mathop{C}}\,N\]
\[{{H}_{2}}\overset{\centerdot
\centerdot }{\mathop{O_{\centerdot }^{\centerdot
}}}\,,{{H}_{2}}\overset{\centerdot \centerdot }{\mathop{S_{\centerdot
}^{\centerdot }}}\,\]
\[O{{H}^{-}},NH_{2}^{-},S{{H}^{-}},{{O}^{2-}}\]
\[{{S}^{2-}}\]etc.
\[\overset{\centerdot
\centerdot }{\mathop{N{{H}_{3}}}}\,,R-\overset{\centerdot \centerdot
}{\mathop{N{{H}_{2}}}}\,\]
\[R-\underset{\centerdot
\centerdot }{\overset{\centerdot \centerdot
}{\mathop{O}}}\,-H,R-\underset{\centerdot \centerdot }{\overset{\centerdot
\centerdot }{\mathop{O}}}\,-R\]
(ii) Electron loving
groups are called electrophiles.
They are
either positively charged or electron deficient neutral
molecules.
Examples
:
Positively Charged Electrophiles
Electron
Deficient Neutral Electrophiles
\[{{R}^{+}},\overset{+}{\mathop{RCO}}\,,C{{l}^{+}},B{{r}^{+}},{{I}^{+}}NO_{2}^{+}\]
\[S{{O}_{3}},B{{F}_{3}},AlC{{l}_{3}}\]
(anhydrous) \[FeC{{l}_{3}},\]
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