Answer:
Inductive Effect
Resonance Effect
(i) Involves displacement of
sigma electrons and hence occurs only in saturated compounds.
(i) Involves delocalisation
of \[\pi \]-electrons and lone pair and hence occurs in unsaturated compounds
and conjugated systems.
(ii) Electro negativity
difference induces this effect towards the more electro -ve atom to give
partial +ve or -ve charges.
(ii) It takes place due to
interaction between two \[\pi \]-bonds or a \[\pi \]-bond and a lone pair of
electron.
(iii) Inductive effects are
transmitted over short distances in saturated carbon chains and the magnitude
of the effect decreases rapidly as the distance from the halogen atom
(source) increases.
\[\begin{align}
& C\to
-\overset{\delta \delta {{\delta }^{+}}}{\mathop{C}}\,\to -\overset{\delta
{{\delta }^{+}}}{\mathop{C}}\,\to -\overset{{{\delta }^{+}}}{\mathop{C}}\, \\
& \to -C{{l}^{{{\delta
}^{-}}}} \\
\end{align}\]
(iii) The resonance effects
are transmitted all along the length in the conjugated system. The electron
pair is completely transferred to give positive and negative charges.
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