Answer:
The fifth period corresponds to the filling of fifth energy
shell, i.e., \[n=5\]. Out of \[5s,\text{ }5p,\text{ }5d\] and \[5f\]-orbitals,
the energies of \[5d\] and \[5f-\]orbitals are higher than \[6s-\]orbital.
Thus, \[5s\] and \[5p-\]orbitals are filled. However, between \[5s\] and \[5p-\]orbitals,
five \[4d-\]orbitals are also filled as their energies lie in between these orbitals.
Hence, nine orbitals are filled (one \[5s\] three \[5p\] and five \[4d-\]orbitals).
Therefore, the maximum number of elements that can be accommodated in fifth
period is 18 corresponding to accommodation of 18 electrons on nine orbitals.
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