question_answer 42)

    Name the parts of human forebrain indicating their respective functions.

Answer:

                The forebrain is the largest part of the brain most of which is cerebrum. Other important structures include the thalamus, hypothalamus and the limbic system. The cerebrum is divided into two cerebral hemisphere connected here by a mass of white matter known is corpus callosum. Each hemispere is split into four lobes. The surface of each hemisphere is made up of grey matter known as the cerebral cortex that is folded to increase the surface area. Various structures of forebrain are given below

Brain Region	Structure	Function
Diencephalon	Thalamus	Organising sensory information
Diencephalon	Hypothalamus	Endocrine system, thermoregulation
Diencephalon	Pituitary	Endocrine system
Telencephalon	Cerebral cortex	Consciousness, language, etc
Telencephalon	Limbic system	Memory, motivation, emotions
Telencephalon	Olfactory bulb /lobes	Smell

Thalamus The thalamus has many functions including processing and relaying sensory information selectively to various parts of the cerebral cortex, translating signals to the cerebral cortex and also regulating states of sleep and wakefulness. The thalamus plays a major role in regulating arousal levels of consciousness and levels of activity. Hypothalamus The function of the hypothalamus is mainly related to the overall regulation of the endocrine system and closely related to the pituitary gland. Pituitary The function of the pituitary is mainly related to the production of hormones as part of the endocrine system. Cerebral Cortex The cerebral cortex is essential for memory, attention, awareness, thought, language and consciousness. The cerebral cortex is connected to structures such as the thalamus and the basal ganglia, sending information to them along efferent connections and receiving information from them via afferent connections. Motor Cortex The motor cortex areas of the brain are located in both hemispheres of the cortex are related to controlling voluntary movements, especially fine movements. Sensory Areas The sensory areas are the areas the at receive and process information from the senses. inputs form the thalamus are called primary sensory areas, where vision, hearing and touch are processed. The two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex receive information from the opposite (contra lateral) side of the body. The association areas of the brain, function to produce apperception of the world enabling an animal to. interact with their environment effectively. The frontal lobe or prefrontal association complex is involved in planning actions and movement. Limbic System                                           The limbic system is principally responsible for emotions and the various types of emotion can affect the activity of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) facilitated by the hypothalamus.                Olfactory Bulb                 The olfactory bulb is responsible for olfaction concerned With sense of small plays.