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Complete the table to show how sectors are dependent on each other.
Table 2.1 Examples of Economic Activities
Example
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What Does This Show
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Imagine what would happen if farmers refuse to sell sugarcane to a particular sugar mill. The mill will have to shut down.
Imagine what would happen to cotton cultivation if companies decide not to buy from the Indian market and import all cotton they need from other countries. Indian cotton cultivation will become less profitable and the farmers may even go bankrupt, if they cannot quickly switch to other crops. Cotton prices will fall.
Farmers buy many goods such as tractors, pumpsets, electricity equipments, pesticides and fertilizers. Imagine what would happen if the price of fertilizers or pumpsets go up. Cost of cultivation of the farmers will rise and their profits will be reduced.
People working in industrial and service sector need food. Imagine what would happen if there is a strike by transporters and lorries refuse to take vegetables, milk, etc from rural areas. Food will become scarce in urban areas whereas farmers will be unable to sell their products.
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This is an example of the secondary or industrial sector being dependent on the primary,
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Explain the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary sectors using examples other than those mentioned in the text.
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Classify the following list of occupations under primary, secondary and tertiary sectors.
Tailor
Basket weaver
Flower cultivator
Milk vendor
Fishermen
Priest
Courier
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Workers in Match Factor
Money lender
Gardener
Potter
Bee-keeper
Astronaut
Call centre employee
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Students in a school are often classified into primary and secondary or junior and senior. What is the criterion that is used? Do you think this is a useful classification? Discuss.
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What does the history of developed countries indicate about the shifts that have taken place between sectors?
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Correct and arrange the important aspects for calculating GDP from this jumble. To count goods and services we add the numbers that are produced. We count all those that were produced in the last five years. Since we shouldn't leave out anything we add up all these goods and services.
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Answer the following questions by looking at the graph Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in India
Graph I show the production of goods and services in the three sectors. This is shown for two years, 1973 and 2003. You can see how the total production has grown over the thirty years.
1. Which was the largest producing sector in 1973?
2. Which is the largest producing sector in 2003?
3. Can you say which sector has grown the most over, thirty years?
4. What was the GDP of India in 2003?
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Complete the table using the data given in Graphs 2 and 3 answer the question that follows.
Table 2.2 Share of Primary Sector in GDP and Employment
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1973
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2000 or 2003
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Share in GDP
Share in Employment
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What are the changes that you observe in the primary sector over a span of thirty years?
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Choose the correct answer Underemployment occurs when people
(i) do not want to work.
(ii) are working in a lazy manner.
(iii) are working less than what they are capable of doing.
(iv) are not paid for their work.
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Compare and contrast the changes in India with the pattern that was observed for developed countries. What kinds of changes between sectors were desired but did not happen in India?
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Why should we be worried about underemployment?
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Why do you think NREGA 2005 is referred to as 'Right lo Work'?
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Imagine that you are the village head. In that capacity suggest some activities that you think should be taken up under this Act that would also increase the income of people? Discuss.
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How would income and employment increase of farmers were provided with irrigation and marketing facilities?
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In what ways can employment be increased in urban areas?
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Look at the following examples. Which of these are unorganized sector activities?
(i) A teacher taking classes in a school.
(ii) A head load worker carrying a bag of cement on his back in a market.
(iii) A farmer irrigating her field.
(iv) A doctor in a hospital treating a patient.
(v) A daily wage labourer working under a contractor.
(vi) A factory worker going to work in a big factory.
(vii) A handloom weaver working in her house.
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Talk to someone who has a regular job in the organized sector and another who works in the unorganized sector. Compare and contrast their working conditions in all aspects.
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How would you distinguish between organized and unorganized sectors? Explain in your own words.
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The table below shows the estimated number of workers in India in the organized and unorganized sectors. Read the table carefully. Fill in the missing data and answer the questions that follow.
Table 2.3 Workers in Different Sectors (in Millions)
Sector
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Organized
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Unorganized
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Total
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Primary
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2
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240
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242
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Secondary
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9
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54
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63
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Tertiary
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17
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76
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93
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Total
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28
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370
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398
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Total in Percentage
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7%
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93%
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100%
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(i) What is the percentage of people in the unorganized sector in agriculture?
(ii) Do you agree that agriculture is an unorganized sector activity? Why?
(iii) If we look at the country as a whole, we find that.....of the workers in India are in the unorganized sector. Organized sector employment is available to only about.....of the workers in India.
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Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket.
(i) Employment in the service sector ......... increased to the same extent as production.(has/has not)
(ii) Workers in the ......... sector do not produce goods. (tertiary/agricultural)
(iii) Most of the workers in the ......... sector enjoy job security. (organized/unorganized)
(iv) A.........proportion of laborers in India are working in the unorganized sector.(large/small)
(v) Cotton is a ......... product and cloth is a ......... product. (natural/manufactured)
(vi)The activities in primary, secondary and tertiary sector are........... (independent/interdependent)
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Choose the most appropriate answer.
(a) The sectors are classified into public and private on the basis of
(i) employment conditions
(ii) the nature of economic activity
(iii) ownership of enterprises
(iv) number of workers employed in the enterprises.
(b) Production of a commodity, mostly through the natural process, is an activity in ......... sector.
(i) primary
(ii) secondary
(iii) tertiary
(iv) information technology
(c) GDP is the total value of ......... produced during a particular year.
(i) all goods and services
(ii) all final goods and services
(iii) all intermediate goods and services
(iv) all intermediate and final goods and services
(d) In terms of GDP the share of tertiary sector in 2003 is
(i) between 20 to 30%
(ii) between 30 to 40%
(iii) between 50 to 60%
(iv) 70 %
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Match the following
Problem Faced by Farming Sector
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Some Possible Measures
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1. Unirrigated land
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(a) Setting up agro-based mills
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2. Low prices for crops
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(b) Co-operative marketing societies
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3. Debt burden
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(c) The government
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4. No job in the off season
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(d) Construction of canals by the government
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5. Compelled to sell their gains to local traders soon after harvest.
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(e) Banks to provide credit with low interest
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Find the odd one out and say why.
(i) Tourist guide, dhobi, tailor, potter.
(ii) Teacher, doctor, vegetable vendor, lawyer.
(iii) Postman, cobbler, soldier, police constable.
(iv) MTNL, the Indian Railways, Air India, the Sahara Airlines, the All India Radio.
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A research scholar looked at the working people in the city of Surat and found the following
Place of Work
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Nature of
Employment
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Percentage of
Working People
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In offices and factories registered with the government
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Organized
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15
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Own shops, office, clinics in market places with formal license
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15
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People working on the street, construction workers, domestic workers
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20
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Working in small workshops usually not registered with the government
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Complete the table. What is the percentage of workers in the unorganized sector in this city?
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Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary is useful? Explain how.
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For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter, why should one focus on employment and the GDP? Could there be other issues which should be examined? Discuss.
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Make a long list of all kinds of work that you find adults around you doing for a living. In what way can you classify them? Explain your choice.
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How is tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.
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What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.
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Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment.
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Tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian Economy." Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.
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Service sector in India employs two different kinds of people. Who are these?
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Workers are exploited in the unorganized sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.
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How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?
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Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organized and unorganized sector.
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Explain the objectives of implementing the NREGA 2005.
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Using examples from your area compare and contrast that activities and functions of private and public sectors.
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Discuss and fill the following table giving one example each from your area.
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Well Managed Organization
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Badly Managed Organization
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Public Sector
Private Sector
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Give and few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.
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Explain how public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation.
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The workers in the unorganized sector need protection on the following issues-wages, safety and health. Explain with examples.
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A study in Ahmedabad found that out of 1500000 workers in the city, 1100000 worked in the unorganized sector. The total income of the city in this year (1997-1998) was ` 60000 million. Out of this ` 32000 million was generated in the organized sector. Present this data as a table what kind of ways should be thought for generating more employment in the city.
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The following table gives the GDP in rupees (crores) by the three sectors
Year
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Primary
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Secondary
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Tertiary
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1950
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80000
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19000
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39000
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2000
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314000
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280000
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550000
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(i) Calculate the share of the three sectors in GDP for 1950 & 2000.
(ii) Show the data as a bar diagram similar to graph 2 in the chapter.
(iii) What conclusions can we draw from the bar graph.
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