Current Affairs 6th Class

    Formatting Word Document     Microsoft Word enables variety of font colour, sizes and styles to make your document more attractive and interesting. Microsoft Word enables Formatting toolbar and Format menu that can be used for formatting the document. Formatting Word document makes document readable and presentable.         Formatting of Word document involves: 

• Character Formatting
• Paragraph Formatting
• Inserting bullets and number
• Highlighting text  

     Character Formatting The text in the document can be made bold, italic, underline and the text size, colour and font size can be changed. You can also apply some special effect such as strikethrough, double - strikethrough, superscript and subscript to the text.       To apply character formatting:

• Select the text in the document.
• Select Format Font to open Font dialog box, as shown in the following figure: (See Figure)
• To change the font, select the required font from the Font list.
• To change the font style, select the required font style from the Font style list.
• To change the font size, select the required font size from the Size list.
• To change the font colour, select the required font colour from the Font color drop-down list.
• To set the underline style, select the required underline style from the Underline style drop-down list.
• To set the underline colour, select the required underline colour from the Underline color drop-down list.
• If you want to apply a particular effect on the text, select the check box for the particular effect such as shadow from the Effects section.
• To view the preview of the text click Preview section.        

        Highlighting Text Microsoft Word enables a highlight tool that allows highlighting specific text. Highlighting text helps to easily find important text in the document.        To highlight the text you need to perform the following steps:

• Select the text that is to be highlighted.  
• Click Highlight list  on the formatting toolbar.  
• Select the colour which you want to choose for highlighting the text.  

            Paragraph Formatting Paragraph formatting involves text alignment, setting margins and line spacing. If formatting has to be applied to multiple paragraphs, at least one character from each paragraph should be selected.       To apply paragraph formatting:

• Select the   paragraph/ paragraphs to which the formatting has to be applied.
• Select   Format -> Paragraph to display the Paragraph dialog box, as shown in the following figure: (See Figure)
• In the General section, set the alignment of the more...

    Starting MS Word            To start MS Word you need to perform the/allowing steps:

• Click Start button
• Select Programs
• Click Microsoft Office to open Microsoft Word  

       Creating a New Document       To create a new document you need to perform the following steps:

• Click File menu. Select New option to display the New dialog box.
• Select Blank Document option and click OK.                 

                OR

• Click New option on the standard tool bar.                                                                

               OR

• Press Ctrl + N shortcut key.  

     Opening Document       To open document you need to perform the following steps:

• Click File menu and Select Open option or Click the Open button on the standard toolbar, Look in drop-down list to select the location where the file is saved.
• Select the document you wish to open and click Open.  

      For Saving Document       To save document you need to perform the following steps:      

• Click File menu.
• Select Save As option to open the Save As dialog box, as shown in the following figure: (See Figure)
• Select the drive and directory in which the document is to be saved.
• In the File Name text box, type the name of the file.
• Click Save button.  

        Printing Document to print the document you need to perform the following steps:

• Click File menu and select print option.                                                

                     OR

• Click Printer icon on the Standard toolbar.
• In the Copies option, type the number of copies that is to be printed.
• Click OK.

Note: Ctrl + P can be used to print the entire file.                 _______ display information about the left margin, right margin, top and bottom margins. (A) Status Bar                                                    (B) Rulers (C) Formatting Tool Bar                                 (D) Scroll Bar (E) None of these     Answer: (b) Explanation Correct Option: (B) Ruler displays information about the left margin, right margin, top and bottom margins, and it also allows horizontal and vertical alignment of the text in a document. Incorrect Options: (A) Status Bar displays information about the active document, such as current line number, column number or page number. (C) Formatting Tool bar provides buttons which are more...

    Elements of Microsoft Word              Title Bar This bar is located at the top of the window and displays the name of the document which is active. (See figure)            Minimize Button                         This button is located on the upper right corner of the window. It is the first button of existing three buttons.        Maximize/Restore This button is also located on the upper right corner of the window. It is the second button of existing three buttons. It basically changes the size of the window.        Document Close Button This button is located on the upper right corner of the window. It is the third button or existing three buttons. It is basically used for closing the document on window.       Menu Bar It the list of main menu choices located below the title bar.      Standard Tool Bar It provides button for commonly used commands, which are located below the menu       Formatting Tool Bar It provides buttons which are most commonly used for formatting commands and  located below standard toolbar.       Rulers It displays information about the left margin, right margin, top and bottom margins, and it also allows horizontal and vertical alignment of the text in a document.       Scroll Bar It allows scrolling the document up and down or from left to right. There are two of scroll bar: vertical and horizontal.       Status Bar It displays information about the active document, such as current line number, column number or page number. It is located across the bottom of the application window.       Text Area The place where you enter your text document is referred as Text Area.    

     Working with Notepad     Notepad is a well known text editor. It has been Included in all versions of Microsoft Windows. While saving notepad file save it with .txt extension. 1 versions of notepad contain basic functions, such as find, edit and fonts. To open a notepad. (See Figure)               Click Start  Programs  AccessoriesNotepad         To maximize a Notepad Window:                               

• Click Document - Notepad maximize button. The window enlarges to occupy the entire screen.                    
• Click Document - Notepad restore button. The window resizes down to its original size. The restore button switches back to a maximize button once again.                                                        

                                                                                                  Or

• You can also maximize a window by clicking the window title bar.  

      To resize a Notepad Window manually:   Point to the right edge of the Notepad document by using mouse. Notice that the cursor changes to a horizontal bi-directional arrow. The horizontal arrow indicates that we can manually resize the window by dragging the right edge inward or outward.       To close a Notepad Window: Click Close button X. This button appears in the upper right corner of the window on the Notepad document window. While clicking X button the notepad window is disappeared        To edit the text of Notepad: (A) Place the cursor at proper location. (B) Modify the text. (C) Click File  Save                  Word processor is one of the software which makes comfortable writing on computer. Which of the following are the features of Word processing? (A) Printing a document.                              (B) Alignment setting for the document. (C) Counting number of words used in a document. (D) All of these                                                  (E) None of these     Answer: (d) Explanation Correct Option: (A) Word processing allows you to take print of your document. (B) Word processing allows you to align your text according to your requirements. (C) Word processing allows you to count number of words used in a document. Incorrect Options: Rest of the option is incorrect.       more...

      Introduction   Word processor is one of the leading document creation software. Basically it was secular in the 1970s and 80s. It enables various features, such as text entry, printing document, inserting graph and picture. Microsoft Word (MS Word) is one of the most widely and commonly used word processor package.        Using MS Word you can performs the following functions:

• Creating new document.
• Editing existing document.
• Printing a document.  
• Alignment setting for the document.
• Tracking number of words used in a document.
• Enabling inbuilt dictionary which is used while writing text.
• Enabling to add number of pages in a document.
• Spelling check in a document.
• Inserting picture in a document.
• Inserting table and chart in a document.  

     Intranet   It also plays an important role in today's life for those who are sharing data from one of the main branches to its sub branch. It is also used in LAN gaming in which all the system are connected to one of the system which is main among them. This feature is basically used in LAN (Local Area Network). Network connections between two offices and Branches are the good example of Intranet. Basically it is a private network that uses same concept and technologies which is used for the Internet, such as TCP/IP and client server computing. It is also used some well known protocols, such as FTP, HTTP, and SMTP. (See Figure. 6.3.3)                          Steve wants to use Internet in your computer. Which of the following devices Steve required to connect his computer with Internet? (A) A modem.                                                   (B) A telephone line connection or cable connection. (C) The Internet Service Provider (ISP)   (D) All of these (E) None of these     Answer: (d) Explanation Correct Option: (A) Modem is also required to connect your computer with the Internet. (B) A telephone line connection is also required to connect your computer with Internet (C) ISP is required to connect your computer with Internet Incorrect Options: Rest of the option is incorrect.          Mohit try to search some information about programming language on Internet. Which one of the following is a search engine that allows Mohit to capture any information? (A) Gmail                                                             (B) Google (C) Rediffmail                                                    (D) All of these (E) None of these     Answer: (b) Explanation Correct Option: (B) Google is a search engine Incorrect Options: (A) Gmail isafreewebmail. (C) Rediffmail isafreewebmail.          Intranet is a private network which established to make communication fast within organizations. Intranet is basically used in________. (A) MAN                                                              (B) WAN (C) LAN                                                                 (D) A and B both (E) None of these     Answer: (c) Explanation Correct Option: (C) Intranet covers small area in comparison of WAN and MAN. Incorrect Options: (A)   MAN covers larger area than Intranet.              

• NW Link is faster than TCP/IP but slower than the NetBEUI.
• TCP/IP is developed by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in the early 1970s.
• First intranet websites began to appear in organizations in 1990-1991.    

         

• LAN: A network which is established in a local area such as office, group of buildings or at home.
• NetBEUI: It is a fast efficient protocol that is used on smaller Microsoft networks.
• IP more...

     Modem   Modem is one of the most important parts for using internet services. This device works as a key because it receives the packet of data or signals through the service provider and thus after receiving it, it allowed user to use the packet of data for surfing. Without modem surfing is unable to proceed. Modems are generally categorized by the amount of data transfer in a given time. It is measured in bit per second. (See Figure 6.3.2)          There are three types of modems. They are the following:

• Traditional modems
• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
• Cable  

     Internet   The Internet is a network of networks. Through Internet you can connect to any computer throughout the world. Internet is the best examples of WAN (Wide Area Network). It rovers the globe and includes large international networks as well as many smaller LANs. It is a global network of computers. It uses TCP/IP standard suite to serve billions of users worldwide. It is also called network of networks which contains number of public, private, academic, banking and government networks.          It provides the following services:

• Downloading a file through browser                                  
• Saving an Image                                                  
• Uploading a file to the Web through browsers  

      To connect your computer to the Internet you need to make sure that you have the/allowing intact on your computer:

• A modem.
• A telephone line connection or cable connection.
• The ISP (Internet Service Provider) and their access software.  

     Internet Usage   We have already discussed about the features of the Internet earlier, it has an important feature through which we are able to grasp knowledge of any thing through any of the search engine. Such as GOOGLE is one of the common search engine through which we can capture any information regarding any topic, organization and many other things can be learnt through this.

     IP Addressing   The IP address is a 32 bit unique number that is assigned to a computer. An IP (Internet Protocol) address is similar to the address of your home, which is the method by which other people send messages or mails to you. IP address basically consists of two IDs, one is the network ID and other is the host ID. The unique number which is used by your network is the Network ID and the host ID portion uniquely identifies the system on your network. Basically the IP address format is known as dotted decimal notation format, and contains a set of four numbers separated by periods. For example, 192.178.2.200 is an IP address mentioned in four numbers in a dotted decimal notation form. The Network ID is same for all the system on the same network. Basically there are five major classes of IP address. They are the following:         Class A  The IP address range for Class A is 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254 and this supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks.       Class B  The Class B is having IP address range as 128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254 and it supports =5.000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks.       Class C  The Class C is having IP address range as 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254 and it supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks.     Class D  The Class D is having IP address range as 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 and it is reserved for multicast groups.     Class E  The IP address range for Class E is 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254 and this is reserved for the future use.                The IP address is a 32 bit unique number. Which one of the following statements is true about IP address? (A) IP address consists of network ID only (B) IP address consists of host ID only (C) IP address consists of two IDs (D) All of these                                                  (E) None of these     Answer: (C) Explanation Correct Option: (C) IP address consists of both network and user IDS Incorrect Options: (A) Option (A) is incorrect (B) Option (B) is incorrect (D) Option (D) is incorrect (E) Option (E) is incorrect         The IP address is a 32 bit unique number which is assigned to a comp Which one of the following is a correct example of IP address? (A) 192.0.172                                                      (B) 192.0.0.124 (C) 200,234,255                                                 (D) All of these (E) None of these     Answer: (b) Explanation Correct Option: (B) IP address contains a set of four numbers separated by period Incorrect Options: Rest of the options more...

     Network Protocol     Protocol is a set of rules that allows two computers on the network to communicate and transfer data between them. Protocols generally implemented by software, hardware, or a combination of the both.         The network protocol plays the/allowing roles: v  Identify the corrupt messages using error checker.

• While receiving messages, indicates the receiving devices.
• While sending messages, indicates the sending devices.
• To compress the data transmitted through the network, the method data compression is used.  

    Some of the important networking protocols are:  

• Net BIOS Enhanced User Interface (NetBEUI): NetBEUI is a fast efficient protocol that is used on smaller Microsoft networks.
• NW Link: NW Link is faster than TCP/IP but slower than the NetBEUI.
• Apple Talk: AppleTalk is used to communicate with the Apple Macintosh computers.  
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): TCP/IP is the most popular network protocol that is supported by most of the operating systems.    

           A network is a set of inter connected devices, such as computers and printers. Which of the following are the roles of network protocol? (A) Identify the corrupt message              (B) Check error message (C) Compress the transmit data                 (D) All of these (E) None of these     Answer: (D) Explanation Correct Option: (A) Network protocol identifies the corrupt message (B) Network protocol checks error message. (C) Network protocol compresses the transmit data. Incorrect Options: Rest of the option is incorrect.          Protocol is a set of rules that allows two computers on the network to communicate and transfer data between them. Which one of the following protocols is only used on smaller Microsoft networks? (A) NW Link                                        (B) NetBEUI (C) TCP/IP                                                           (D) Apple Talk (E) None of these   Answer: (b) Explanation Correct Option: (B) NetBEUI is a fast efficient protocol that is used on smaller Microsoft networks. Incorrect Options: (A) NW Link is faster than TCP/IP but slower than the NetBEUI. (C) TCP/IP is supported by most of the operating systems. (D) Apple Talk is used to communicate with the Apple Macintosh computers.         TCP/IP is the most popular network protocol that is supported by most of the operating systems. Which one of the following protocols is faster than TCP/IP? (A) NW Link                                                        (B) NetBEUI (C) TCP/IP                                                           (D) AppleTalk (E) None of these     Answers (A) Explanation Correct Option: (A) NW Link is faster than TCP/IP but slower than the NetBEUI. Incorrect Options:                                    (B) NetBEUI is a fast efficient protocol that is used on smaller Microsoft networks. (C) TCP/IP is supported by most of the operating systems.          (D) AppleTalk is used to communicate with the more...