Current Affairs 4th Class

Coding-Decoding

Category : 4th Class

Coding-Decoding

Learning Objectives

To get aware of coding - decoding.
Increasing interest about this segment of reasoning.
Improving the logical ability.
To be perfect in solving problems.

What is Coding-Decoding?

In reasoning, words, letters and numbers are coded according to a certain rule. While solving problems, students have to identify that particular rule first and then the same rule is applied to decode other coded words, letters, numbers etc. The types of coding-decoding problems will give you more clear concept about it. But before coming to the actual problems, we must remember the positions of letters in English alphabet in forward order that will help you in solving problems of coding-decoding.

Let us see the positions:

Table 1:

Positions of letters in forward order (Left to Right)

Table 2:

Positions of letters in backward order (Right to Left)

Table 3:

Opposite letters

Types of Problems

(i) Coding - Decoding In Forward Sequence

In such problems, letters are coded in forward alphabetical sequence.

Example

If ‘AB’ is coded as 'BC', then 'EF' will definitely be coded as ‘FG’.

Explanation: Here, letters of 'AB' shift one place in forward alphabetical sequence.

Let us see:

Similarly, letters of ‘EF’ shift one place in forward alphabetical order.

Let us see:

Clearly, code for ‘AB’ is ‘BC’ and code for ‘EF’ is ‘FG’.

2. If ‘CJ’ is coded as ‘EL’, then ‘PU’ will definitely be coded as ‘RW’.

Explanation: Here, letters of the ‘CJ’ shift two places in forward alphabetical sequence.

Let us see:

Similarly, both letters of the word 'PU' will move two places forward.

Let us see:

Note: In forward sequence coding-decoding ‘Table 1’ is used.

Commonly Asked Question

1. If code of ‘FGH’ = ‘GHI’, then find the code for ‘RST’.

(a) STU (b) QRS

(e) None of these

Answer (a) is correct.

Explanation: Option (a) is correct because in this case letters are coded or place forward.

Let us see:

Code for ‘FGH’:

Similarly

Code for ‘RST’:

Clearly, code for ‘RST’ is ‘STU’.

Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (a).

2. If ‘GOING’ is coded as ‘IQKPI’, then ‘ALONG’ will be coded as ____.

(a) CNQPI (b) BMPOH

(e) None of these

Answer (a) is correct.

Explanation: Option (a) is correct because in this case letters are coded two places forward.

Let us see:

Code for ‘GOING’:

Similarly,

Code for ‘ALONG’:

Clearly, code for ‘ALONG’ is ‘CNQPI’.

Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (a).

(ii) Coding - Decoding In Backward Sequence

In such problems, letters are coded in backward alphabetical sequence.

Example:

1. If ‘EF’ is coded as ‘DE’, then 'GH' will definitely be coded as 'FG'.

Explanation: Here, letters of ‘EF’ are coded one place backward.

Let us see:

Similarly, both letters of ‘GH’ are coded one place backward.

Let us see:

Clearly, code for ‘GH’ is ‘FG’.

2. If 'SHOP' is coded as ‘QFMN’, then ‘GOAT’ will definitely be coded as ‘EMYR’.

Explanation: Here, letters of ‘SHOP’ are coded two places backward.

Let us see:

In the same manner, letters of 'GOAT' are coded two places backward.

Let us see:

Clearly, code for ‘GOAT’ is ‘EMYR’.

Note: In backward sequence coding-decoding ‘Table -1’ is used.

Commonly Asked Question

1. If code for ‘TI’ is 'RG', then what will be the code for ‘EN’?

(a) CN (b) DM

(e) None of these

Answer (d) is correct.

Explanation: Option (d) is correct because in this case letters are coded two letters backward.

Let us see:

Code for ‘TI’:

Similarly,

Code for 'EN':

Clearly, code for 'EN' is ‘CL’.

Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (d).

2. If ‘EID’ is coded as ‘DHC’, then ‘TEN’ will be coded as .

(a) SDM (b) NET

(e) None of these

Answer (a) is correct.

Explanation: Option (a) is correct because in this case letters are coded one place backward.

Let us see:

Code for ‘EID’:

Similarly,

Code for 'TEN':

Clearly, code for ‘TEN’ is ‘SDM’.

Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (a).

(iii) Coding - Decoding In Forward - Backward Sequence

In such pattern, letters are coded backward and forward order/forward and backward order alternately.

Example:

1. If ‘FM’ is coded as 'HK', then ‘BP’ will definitely be coded as 'DN’.

Explanation: Here, in ‘FM’ F is coded 2 places forward and M is coded 2 places backward.

Let us see:

Similarly, in ‘BP’, B is coded two places forward and P is coded two places backward.

Let us see:

2. If 'HATE' is coded as 'GBSF', then 'SAME' will definitely be coded as 'RBLF'.

Explanation: Here, letters are coded one place backward and one place forward alternately.

Let us see:

Similarly,

Clearly, code for 'SAME' is 'RBLF'.

Note: In forward sequence coding-decoding 'Table -1' is used.

Commonly Asked Question

1. If 'HI' is coded as 'FK', then 'MR' will be coded as .

(a) TK (b) KQ

(e) None of these

Answer (c) is correct.

Explanation: Option (c) is correct because letters are coded two places backward and forward alternately.

Let us see:

Code for 'HI':

Similarly,

Code for 'MR':

Clearly, code for 'MR' is 'KT'.

Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (c).

2. If 'WASH' is coded as 'XZTG', then how will 'FIVE' be coded?

(a) GHWD (b) GDHW

(e) None of these

Answer (a) is correct.

Explanation: Option (a) is correct because letters are coded one place forward and one place backward alternately.

Let us see:

Code for 'WASH':

Similarly,

Code for 'FIVE':

Clearly, code for 'FIVE' is 'GHWD'.

Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (a).

(iv) Coding - Decoding By Reversing Letters

In such problems, the 1st letter from right takes the 1st place from left; the 2nd letter from right takes the 2nd position from left; the 3rd letter from right takes the 3rd place from left and the process goes on till all the letters gets arranged in this manner.

Example:

If 'BSC' is coded as 'CSB', then 'PGT' will definitely be coded as ‘TGP’.

Explanation: 'BSC' is coded in reverse order as 'CSB'.

Similarly, 'PGT' will be coded by writing the letters in reverse order. Therefore, the code for ‘PGT’ will be ‘TGP’

If 'SHOP' is coded as 'POHS' then 'SARP' will definitely be coded as ‘PRAS’.

Explanation: ‘SHOP’ is coded in reverse order as 'POHS'. In the same way the code for ‘SARP’ has been obtained by writing it in reverse order as ‘PRAS’.

Commonly Asked Question

1. Code for 'HOPE' = 'EPOH', then code for 'AMEN’ = '?'

(a) MEAN (b) NEMA

(e) None of these

Answer (b) is correct.

Explanation: Option (b) is correct because coding has been done by writing the letters of words in reverse order.

Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (b).

2. If ‘LEON’ is coded as ‘NOEL’, then ‘SWRM’ will be coded as .

(a) RSWM (b) MWRS

(e) None of these

Answer (d) is correct.

Explanation: Option (d) is correct because here, the letters of given word ‘LEON’ have been coded by writing them in reverse order. Following the same pattern, the code for 'SWRM' will be 'MRWS'.

Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (d).

(v) Coding - Decoding Based On Numbers And Letters

In such problems, numerical code values are given to words and letter code values are given to numbers.

Example:

1. If in a certain code language, ‘A’ is coded as '2'; 'B’ is coded as '3'; 'C’ is coded as '4' and so on, then code for 'BEAC’ will definitely be '3624'.

Explanation: In this case/ letters are coded as below:

A	B	C	D	E	____
2	3	4	5	6	____

Now,

B	E	A	C
3	6	2	4

Clearly, the code for ‘BEAC’ is ‘3624’.

2. In a certain code, ‘3' is coded as 'E'; '4' is coded as 'R'; '0' is coded as ‘T’; '6' is coded as ‘N’: ‘ 2’ coded as ‘C’ then the code for ‘236034’ will definitely be 'CENTER'.

0	2	3	4	6
T	C	E	R	N

Now,

2	3	6	0	3	4
C	E	N	T	E	R

Clearly, the code for '236034' is ‘CENTER’.

Commonly Asked Question

1. Just see the following letter codes and find the code for 'DANCE'.

E	R	A	N	C	D
5	3	9	6	2	4

(a) 62549 (b) 45692

(e) None of these

Answer (d) is correct.

Explanation:

Let us see:

D	A	N	C	E
4	9	6	2	5

Clearly, code for 'DANCE' is '49625'.

Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (a).

2. In a certain code language '3' is coded as 'D'; '4' is coded as 'A'; '5' is coded as ‘N’ Then how will 'AND' be coded?

(a) 345 (b) 543

(e) None of these

Answer (d) is correct.

Explanation:

A	N	D
4	5	3

Clearly, code for 'AND' is '453'.

Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (d).

(vi) Coding - Decoding Based On Words In A Chain

In such problems, more than one word makes a sequence so that 1st word is the code of 2nd word is the code of 3rd; 3rd word is the code of 4th and so on.

Example: If 'Blue' is called 'Green', 'Green' is called 'Black', 'Black' is called 'White', then colour of Sky will be 'Green'.

Explanation: Original colour of 'Sky' is 'Blue'. In the given code 'Blue' is called 'Green'. Clearly, the colour of 'Sky' will be 'Green'.

Commonly Asked Question

1. If 'Sun' is called 'Blue', 'Blue' is called 'Moon', 'Moon' is called 'Violet' and 'Violet' is called 'Red', then what is the colour of 'Clear sky'?

(a) Red (b) Violet

(e) None of these

Answer (d) is correct.

Explanation: Option (d) is correct because colour of ‘Sky’ is 'Blue'. Here ‘Blue’ is called 'Moon'. Therefore, colour of ‘Clear sky’ must be ‘Moon’.

Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (d).

2. If 'Cycle' is called ‘Bus’, 'Bus' is called 'Aeroplane', 'Aeroplane' is called 'Ship' a 'Ship' is called 'Pen'. Then what is the mode of transportation in sea?

(a) Cycle (b) Aeroplane

(e) None of these

Answer (d) is correct.

Explanation: Option (d) is correct because mode of transportation in sea is ship but here, ship is called pen.

Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (d).

3. If 'Milk' is called 'Water', 'Water' is called 'Wine' and 'Wine' is called 'Cold drink’ then what is used to wash clothes?

(a) Milk (b) Cold drink

(e) None of these

Answer (d) is correct.

Explanation: Option (d) is correct because it is a well known fact that we use water to wash clothes. But here 'Water' is called 'Wine'. Therefore, clearly, this case we wash clothes with 'Wine'.

Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (d).

Alphabet Test and Word Formation

Alphabet test is one of the most common topic of verbal reasoning where we come across various types of questions as follows:

(1) Letter word problems

(2) Arranging words in alphabetical order

(3) Making meaningful words

Example:

1. Find the category of given word so formed by the combination of letters arranged according to form a meaningful word.

(a) Vegetable (b) Tree

(e) None of these

Answer (c) is correct.

Explanation: Word formed is HYENA and it is the name of an animal.

2. Correct arrangement of the following words as they occur in dictionary is:

(1) Cold (2) Hero

(3) Poem (3) Boat

(a) 3, 4, 1, 2 (b) 4, 1, 2, 3

(e) None of these

Answer (b) is correct.

Explanation: As in order of dictionary, B comes first, then C, then H and then P.

Therefore, correct order is: Boat, Cold, Hero, Poem, or 4, 1, 2, 3.

3. Form a meaningful word by arranging the given numbers corresponding to the letters given below.

A	B	C	E	L
1	2	3	4	5

(a) 2, 4, 5, 3, 1 (b) 3, 4, 5, 2, 1

(e) None of these

Answer (d) is correct.

Explanation: The word formed by arranging the letters is CABLE, therefore arrangement of the numbers should be 3, 1, 2, 5, 4.

4. Choose one word which can be formed from the letters of the given word.

(a) Fruity (b) React

(e) None of these

Answer (c) is correct.

Explanation: All the letters of word ‘tyre’ are in the given word RECTIFY, but the letters U and A are not there as given in the words 'Fruity'.

5. Which one of the following words cannot be made from the letters of the given word?

(a) Virtue (b) Invite

(e) None of these

Answer (d) is correct.

Explanation: The letter O in the word 'Routine’ is not given in the word UNIVERSITY.

6. Which of the following word can be made from the letters of the given word.

L A N G U A G E

(a) EGG (b) ANT

(e) None of these

Answer (a) is correct.

Explanation:

L A N G U A G E

\[\downarrow \]

EGG

7. Which of the following word can be made from the letters of the given word.

E N V I R O N M E N T

(a) WATER (b) ROSE

(e) None of these

Answer (d) is correct.

Explanation:

E N V I R O N M E N T

\[\downarrow \]

MOVIE

8. Which of the following word can be made from the letters of the given word.

I N F O R M A T I O N

(a) FREEDOM (b) ROBOT

(e) None of these

Answer (c) is correct.

Explanation:

I N F O R M A T I O N

\[\downarrow \]

NATION

Direction (Q. No - 9 to 11): Study the following information and answer the following questions. In each of the questions, some letters are given which are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and so on followed by four options containing combination of these numbers. Find the combination of numbers so that letters are arranged accordingly to form a meaningful word.

O	A	C	U	B	A	R	L	Y	V
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

(a) 4, 3, 5, 9, 6, 2, 1, 7, 8, 10

(b) 9, 7, 6, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10

(d) 2, 10, 5, 8, 6, 3, 1, 4, 7, 9

(e) None of these

Answer (c) is correct.

Explanation:

V	O	C	A	B	U	L	A	R	Y
10	1	3	2	5	4	8	6	7	9

10.

O	C	S	O	H	L
1	2	3	4	5	6

(a) 3, 2, 5, 1, 4, 6 (b) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5, 6

(e) None of these

Answer (a) is correct.

Explanation:

S	C	H	O	O	L
3	2	5	1	4	6

11.

T	P	A	I	C	A	L
1	2	3	4	5	6	7

(a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (b) 5, 3, 1, 4, 2, 7, 6

(e) None of these

Answer (d) is correct.

Explanation:

C	A	P	I	T	A	L
5	3	2	4	1	6	7

Direction (Q. No - 12 to 14): Study the following information and answer the following questions. Find the category of given words so formed by combination of letters arranged accordingly to form a meaningful word.

12. T U S U G A

(a) Week day (b) Fruit

(e) None of these

Answer (c) is correct.

Explanation: The word is AUGUST, which is a month.

13. P R A E G

(a) Flower (b) Fruit

(e) None of these

Answer (b) is correct.

Explanation: The word is GRAPE, which is a fruit.

14. G A N B O L E R

(a) Cloth (b) Vegetable

(e) None of these

Answer (c) is correct.

Explanation: The word is BANGALORE, which is a city.

Direction (Q. No - 15 to 17): Study the following information and answer the following Bastions. Arrange the following words correctly as they occur in dictionary:

15. (1) BOOK (2) BALL

(3) CROWN (4) CLOTH

(a) 2, 1, 4, 3 (b) 1, 2, 3, 4

(e) None of these

Answer (a) is correct.

Explanation: Correct order - BALL\[\to \]BOOK\[\to \]CLOTH\[\to \]CROWN

16. (1) SHOP (2) SOAP

(3) SWEET (4) ROSE

(a) 4, 3, 2, 1 (b) 4, 1, 2, 3

(e) None of these

Answer (b) is correct

Explanation: Correct order - ROSE\[\to \]SHOP\[\to \]SOAP\[\to \]SWEET

17. (1) ELEPHANT (2) EXPOSE

(3) EGG (4) FLAG

(a) 1, 2, 3, 4 (b) 2, 3, 1, 4

(e) None of these

Answer (d) is correct.

Explanation: Correct order - EGG\[\to \]ELEPHANT\[\to \]EXPOSE\[\to \]FLAG

Direction (Q. No - 18 to 20): Study the following information and answer the following questions. Arrange the following words correctly to make meaningful sentence.

18. (1) SCHOOL (2) BIG

(3) IS (4) MY

(a) 4, 1, 3, 2 (b) 1, 2, 3, 4

(e) None of these

Answer (a) is correct.

Explanation: Correct order - My school is big.

19. (1) BOY (2) AMIT

(3) A (4) IS

(5) GOOD

(a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (b) 2, 4, 3, 5, 1

(e) None of these

Answer (b) is correct.

Explanation: Correct order - Amit is a good boy.

20. (1) Boy (2) The

(3) Playing (4) Is

(5) Cricket

(a) 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 (b) 4, 3, 5, 2, 1

(e) None of these

Answer (c) is correct

Explanation: Correct order - The boy is playing cricket.

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