Category : 4th Class
Blood Relation
Learning Objectives
What is a Blood Relation?
Blood relations are biological relations. Remember, a wife and a husband are not biologically related but they are biological parents of their own children. Similarly, brother, sister, paternal grandfather, paternal grandmother, maternal grandfather, maternal grandmother, grandson, grandmother, niece, cousin etc. are our blood relatives.
Types of Blood Relations
There are mainly two types of blood relations:
(i) Blood relations from paternal side.
(ii) Blood relations from maternal side.
Now, we will discuss both kinds of relations one by one.
(i) Blood Relation From Paternal Side
These types of blood relations can be further subdivided into three types:
(a) Past generations of father
Examples: Great grandfather, great grandmother, grandfather, grandmother etc.
(b) Parallel generations of father
Examples: Uncles, aunts etc.
(c) Future generations of father
Examples: Sons, daughters, grandsons, granddaughters etc.
(ii) Blood Relations From Maternal Side
These types of blood relations can also be subdivided into three types:
(a) Past generations of mother
Examples: Maternal great grandfather, maternal great grandmother, maternal grandfather, maternal grandmother etc.
(b) Parallel generations of mother
Examples: Maternal uncles, maternal aunts etc.
(c) Future generations of mother
Examples: Sons, daughters, grandsons, granddaughters etc.
Some Important Blood Relations
Types of Problems
(a) General problems of blood relations
(b) Blood relations based on family tree
Now, we will discuss the two types of problems one by one:-
(a) General Problems of Blood Relations
In such problems, one sentence information is given. Such information is given as follows:
Pointing towards a girl in photograph. Raj said, "She is the daughter of my mother."
Here, we have to find relationship between Raj and girl in the photograph. Here, it is clear that the girl in the photograph is the daughter of Raj's mother. We know daughter of mother is the sister. Therefore, the girl in the photograph is the sister of Raj. Look at the following examples.
Example:
1. Pointing to a man in photograph, Meena said, "he is the brother of my father" How is the man in the photograph related to Meena?
(a) Brother (b) Grandfather
(c) Uncle (d) Father
(e) None of these
Answer: (c) is correct.
Explanation:
Option (c) is correct because the sentence, brother of my father does means Meena's uncle.
Rest of the options is incorrect because the correctness of option (c).
2. Seeing a woman on the road. Raj said to his friend, "there goes only daughter of my maternal grandfather.
Answer: Mother
Explanation: Only daughter of my maternal grandfather is always my mother. Here, the sentence 'only daughter of my paternal grandfather' makes it clear that the woman going on the road is the mother of Raj.
Commonly Asked Question
1. Raj is the husband of Andrews' sister, then what is the relation of Andrews with Raj?
(a) Andrews is the uncle of Raj
(b) Andrews is the brother-in-law of Raj
(c) Andrews is the father of Raj
(d) Andrews is the son of Raj
(e) None of these
Answer: (b) is correct.
Explanation: Option (b) is correct because wife's brother is called brother-in-law. Here, Andrews is brother of Raj's wife and therefore. Andrews will definitely be the brother-in-law of Raj.
Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (b)
2. Pointing to a boy in a photograph Raj says that the boy in the photograph is the son of his sister's husband. How is Raj related to that boy?
(a) Son (b) Brother
(c) Paternal Uncle (d) Maternal Uncle
(e) None of these
Answer: (d) is correct.
Explanation: Option (d) is correct because sister's husband’s son is always nephew. Therefore, Raj is the maternal uncle of the boy in photograph.
Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (d).
(b) Blood Relations Based on Family Tree
In such problems more than one information is given. Hence, a family tree is required. Let us see the format of information given below.
Q is the brother of C and C is the sister of Q, R and D are brother and sister. R is the son of A while A & C are wife and husband.
For such type of information a family tree is made in which some symbols are used as below.
(i) ‘\[\Leftrightarrow \]’ is used for husband & wife.
(ii) ‘———’ is used for brother & sister.
(iii) ‘|’is used for parents (Father & mother). Parents are put on the top while children are put at the bottom.
(iv) ‘-’ or minus sign in used for female.
(v) ‘+’ or plus sign is used for male.
Now adopting and using the above given symbols we can make a family tree. Let us see the family tree of information’s given under information format.
Family tree:
As per the given information A is the husband of B and B is the wife of A. Hence, relation between A and B has been presented as [\[\overset{+}{\mathop{\text{A}}}\,\Leftrightarrow \overset{-}{\mathop{\text{B}}}\,\]]
\[{{\text{A}}^{+}}\]
\[|\] \[\to \] The vertical line gives father and son relationship
\[{{\text{C}}_{+}}\]
Example:
1. If L is the sister of M, N is the mother of L and 0 is the husband N, then 0 is the father of L and M.
Explanation: In such problems a family tree is required.
Let us see the tree below:
It is clear from the picture that 0 is the father of Land M.
2. The number of Females in the following family tree is 4.
Explanation: As we know that in a family tree '+' sign is given for male persons and '-' sign is given for female persons. Therefore, it is clear from the picture that A, L, D, M are males because they are having '+' sign and B, C, E, F are females because they are having ‘-‘ sign. Therefore, there are 4 males and 4 females in the family tree.
Commonly Asked Question
1. P is the son of E while E is the mother of Q. F is the father of P and Q. L is the brother of F and Q is the sister of P. How is L related to Q?
(a) Grandfather (b) Uncle (Maternal)
(c) Uncle (Paternal) (d) Brother
(e) None of these
Answer: (c) is correct.
Explanation: Let us see:
Clearly, L is the Paternal uncle of Q.
Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (c).
2. Who is the son in law in the given family tree?
(a) R (b) P
(c) E (d) Q
(e) None of these
Answer (a) is correct.
Explanation: Option (a) is correct because from the given family tree, it is clear that daughter of M and N is Q, who is married to R. Therefore, clearly R is the son-in-law of M and N.
Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (a).
Commonly Asked Question
1. How many females are married in the given family tree?
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 1 (d) 3
(e) None of these
Answer (a) is correct.
Explanation: Option (a) is correct because it is clear from the picture that the two females B and D are married.
Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (a).
2. Pinky said,”Rinky is the daughter of my brother's wife". How is Pinky related to Rinky?
(a) Aunt (b) Sister
(c) Mother (d) Niece
(e) None of these
Answer (a) is correct.
Explanation: Option (a) is correct because 'daughter of my brother's wife' does mean daughter of brother, and daughter of brother is niece. And sister of father is Aunt.
Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (a).
3. In a five member family X and y are brother and sister, X is the husband of T and L is the father of X. P is the son of X. How is L related to P?
(a) Grandson (b) Father
(c) Grandfather (d) Uncle
(e) None of these
Answer (c) is correct.
Explanation: Let us see:
Clearly, L is the grandfather of P.
Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (c).
4. How is X related to L?
(a) Grandson (b) Grand daughter
(c) Son (d) Grandson or granddaughter
(e) None of these
Answer (d) is correct.
Explanation: Option (d) is correct because it is clear from the picture that P and X are children of Z and Y. Therefore, P and X must be the grandchild of L. But here, the gender of X is not given and therefore, it cannot be definitely said that X is a male or a female.
Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (d).
5. Pointing to boy in a photograph Rinki said. "He is the son of my father". How is the boy in the photograph related to Rinki?
(a) Brother (b) Uncle
(c) Son (d) Sister
(e) None of these
Answer (a) is correct.
Explanation: Option (a) is correct because the sentence 'son of my father’ does mean Rinki's brother.
Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (a).
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