Category : 11th Class
Classification
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Classification means grouping. If the objects or items are grouped on the basis of their common properties/ the process is known as classification.
In this way, questions on classification are not much different from that of Analogy. The difference between these two types of question lies only in the way of selecting the answer In case of questions on analogy you are required to select the item which bears similar relationship as that given in the question. But in the case of questions on classification you are required to assort the items which have some common quality and then spot the one and only one item which lacks that common quality, Thus in these questions you are also required to determine diverse relationships which possibly can exist between various elements, things, phenomena, acts and terms.
Basically classification is of three types:
(i) Letter-based Classification
(ii) Word-based Classification
(iii) Number-based Classification
Letter-based Classification
We have included questions based on the English alphabet. In this type of question, some groups of letters
are provided and you are required to select that group of letters as your answer in which letters do not
follow the same pattern as that of the other groups of letters. The letters in a group are arranged on the
basis of relative distance between the two letters in the English alphabet. In other words, certain numbers
of letters are skipped between the two successive letters in the given group. It will become more clear by
comprehending the examples given below:
Direction: In each of the following questions, four groups of letters are given. Three of there are alike in
a certain way while one is different. Choose the odd one out.
(a) YNHIA (b) SGRFI
(c) ISEPU (d) FHUJU
(e) None of these.
Ans. (b)
Explanation: Except in letter group SGRFS, in all others there are at least two vowel.
\[\underline{YNHIA}\to I,A\to two\,\,vowels\]
\[\underline{ISEPU}\to I,\text{ }E,\text{ }U\to three\text{ }vowels\]
\[\underline{FHUJU}\to V,\text{ }U\to two\text{ }vowels\]
\[But\,\,\underline{SGRFI}\to I\to one\,\,vowel\]
2. Find the odd one out.
(a) PROUD
(b) DRIVER
(c) WHEAT
(d) TRAIN
(e) None of these
Ans. (b)
Explanation: Except in the word, DRIVER, in all other words there are five letters two vowels and three
Consonants. DRIVER contains four consonants and two vowel.
3. Find the odd one out.
(a) JOT (b) OUT
(c) TEN (d) DIN
(e) None of these
Ans. (b)
Explanation: Except in the word 'Out', in all other words, there is only one vowel.
Commonly Asked Questions
1. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?
(a) RPN (b) WSU
(c) HDF (d) LHJ
(e) QMO
Ans. (a)
Explanation\[R\xrightarrow{-2}P\xrightarrow{-2}N,W\xrightarrow{-4}S\xrightarrow{+2}U,H\xrightarrow{-4}D\xrightarrow{+2}F,L\xrightarrow{-4}H\xrightarrow{+2}J,Q\xrightarrow{-4}M\xrightarrow{+2}O\]
2. Which the following does not match with the group?
(a) WHITE - IWEHT (b) BLACK - ABKLC
(c) TYPES - PTSYE (d) BANKS - NBSAK
(e) ABOUT - OATUB
Ans. (e)
Explanation: Except in option (e) in all other pairs following rule has been applied.
\[{{1}^{st}}\,\,letter\,\,\Leftrightarrow {{2}^{nd}}\,letter\]
\[{{2}^{nd}}\,\,letter\,\,\Leftrightarrow {{4}^{th}}\,letter\]
\[{{3}^{rd}}\,\,letter\,\,\Leftrightarrow {{1}^{st}}\,letter\]
\[{{4}^{th}}\,\,letter\,\,\Leftrightarrow {{5}^{th}}\,letter\]
\[{{5}^{th}}\,\,letter\,\,\Leftrightarrow {{3}^{rd}}\,letter\]
1. Find the odd one out.
(a) LMNDP (b) MSTYZ
(c) WXCDF (d) \[EOIUA\]
(e) None of these
Ans. (d)
Explanation: Except (d) all other words are the group of consonants.
2. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?
(a) HAVE - AVEH (b) DONE – NOED
(c) WANT - NATW (d) JUST - SUTJ
(e) WITH - TIHW
Ans. (a)
Explanation: Except (a) in all other pairs of terms the following rule has been applied.
Word - based Classification
We have included such questions which contain some items having certain common property. In this type
of questions you are required to find out the item which cannot be grouped with other items for the lack
of common property. Here it should be noted that the same item can be grouped differently in a different
contact.
Therefore, the process of grouping depends much on the nature of the given item. Consider the following
two example:
1. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and hence form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to the group?
(a) Moon (b) sun
(c) Jupiter (d) Saturn
(e) None of these
Ans. (b)
Explanation: Sun is the odd one because all others are revolving heavenly bodies while the position of sun is fixed. Saturn and Jupiter are planets which revolve around the Sun, whereas Moon is a satellite which revolves around the planet, Earth.
2. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and hence form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to the group?
(a) Jupiter (b) Mars
(c) Moon (d) Earth
(e) None of these
Ans. (c)
Explanation: Moon is the odd one because all others are planets and Moon is a satellite.
Commonly Asked Questions
1. Select the odd one out.
(a) The Mahabharata (b) The Geeta
(c) Godan (d) The Ramayana
(e) None of these
Ans. (c)
Explanation: Except Godan, all others are holy books of Hindus. 'Godan' is a work of Premchand.
2. Select the odd one out.
(a) Ginger (b) carrot
(c) Gourd (d) Turmeric
(e) None of these
Ans. (c)
Explanation: Except Gourd, all others are grown underground. Again except Gourd, all others are modified roots or stems.
3. Select the odd one out.
(a) Trigonometry (b) Mathematics
(c) Geometry (d) Arithmetic
(e) None of these
Ans. (b)
Explanation: Except Mathematics, all other are branches of Mathematics.
4. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?
(a) Pink (b) Gray
(c) Purple (d) Blue
(e) None of these
Ans. (d)
Explanation: Blue colour is a part of white spectrum.
Digit-based Classification
In this type of questions the Principal of Numeral Analogy is applied. Out of the given numbers, one does not show similar property and that number is selected as the answer. The grouping of numbers can be done on the basis of the following properties of number:
(i) Prime Numbers
(ii) Rational Numbers
(iii) Irrational Numbers
(iv) Positive and Negative integers
(v) Squares and Cubes.
1. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?
(a) 42 (b) 48
(c) 54 (d) 72
(e) None of these
Ans. (b)
Explanation: The number 48 is nearest to perfect square.
\[48+1=49=7\times 7\]
2. Choose the number which is different from others in the group.
(a) 197 (b) 119
(c) 221 (d) 289
(e) None of these
Explanation: The number 289 is a perfect square of a natural number.
Commonly Asked Questions
1. Find the odd one out.
(a) 17 (b) 41
(c) 51 (d) 19
(e) None of these
Ans. (c)
Explanation: Except 51, all others are prime numbers.
2. Find the odd one out.
(a) 196 (b) 256
(c) 324 (d) 529
(e) None of these
Ans. (d)
Explanation: Except 529, all others are perfect squares of even numbers. The number 529 is a perfect square of an odd number.
\[196=14\times 14;\] \[256=16\times 16\]
\[324=18\times 18;\] \[529=23\times 23\]
Pair/Group Wise Relation of Digit
In this type of questions, one of the given pairs/ groups is different from the rests. You are to find the different one.
1. Find the number pair/group which is different from others.
(a) 64-80 (b) 22-38
(c) 63-77 (d) 50-66
(e) None of these
Ans. (c)
Explanation: Except option (c), in all other pairs, the second number is 16 more than the first.
2. Find the number pair/group which is different from others.
(a) 12-72 (b) 24-48
(c) 60-74 (d) 84-96
(e) None of these
Ans. (c)
Explanation:
\[12=1\times 12\] \[24=2\times 12\] \[60=2\times 30\]
\[72=6\times 12\] \[48=2\times 2\times 12\] \[74=2\times 37\]
\[84=2\times 2\times 3\times 7=7\times 12\]
\[96=2\times 2\times 2\times 12=8\times 12\]
Except (c), in all other pairs the H. C. F. of both the numbers is 12.
3. Find the number pair/group which is different from others.
(a) 117 : 13 (b) 171 : 19
(c) 304 : 16 (d) 162 : 18
(e) None of these
Ans. (c)
Explanation: \[117:13=\frac{117}{13}=9;\] \[\frac{171}{19}=9\]
\[\frac{304}{16}=19;\,\,\frac{162}{18}=9\]
Except (c) in all other pairs, first number is 9 times the second.
4. Find the number pair/group which is different from others.
(a) 1(5)2
(b) 3(17)4
(c) 2(20)4
(d) 5(61)6
(e) None of these
Ans. (c)
Explanation:
\[\to 1(5)2={{1}^{2}}+{{2}^{2}}=\]
\[\to 3(17)4={{3}^{2}}+{{4}^{2}}=9+16=\]
\[2(20)4={{2}^{2}}+{{4}^{2}}=4+16=\]
\[5(61)6={{5}^{2}}+{{6}^{2}}=25+36=\]
Except (b) the number inside the bracket is the sum of the squares of the numbers outside it. The formula used in this problem is:
\[\]
Choosing the Odd Pair of Words
We have included those questions which contain some pairs of words having certain common property.
In this type of questions you are required to find out the pair which cannot be grouped with other pairs
for the lack of common property.
1. Find the odd pair of words.
(a) Table: Wood (b) iron-Steel
(c) Jewellery: Gold (d) Shirt: Metal
(e) None of these
Ans. (d)
Explanation: Except (d) in all other pairs, first is a product made from the second.
2. Find the odd pair of words.
(a) Smell: Nose (b) Tongue: Taste
(c) touch: Skin (d) See: Ears
(e) None of these
Ans. (d)
Explanation: Except (d) in all other pairs, first denotes the function performed by the second.
3. Find the odd pair of words.
(a) Wrong: Right (b) Genuine: Red
(c) Shallow: Deep (d) involvement: Indifference
(e) None of these
Ans. (b)
Explanation: Except (b) in all other pairs, the two words are antonyms of each other.
Commonly Asked Questions
Direction: In each of the following questions, four pairs of words are given. Three of the pairs bear a
certain common relationship. Choose the pair which is different.
(a) Pond: Lake (b) Pistol: Gun
(c) Car: Bus (d) Church: Monument
(e) None of these
Ans. (d)
Explanation: Except (d), in all other pairs, the two words belong to the same class.
(a) Food: Hunger (b) Talent: Education
(c) Water: Thirst (d) Air: Suffocation
(e) None of these
Ans. (b)
Explanation: Except (b), in all other pair’s lack of first causes the second.
(a) Tree: Stem (b) Plant: Flower
(c) Face: Eye (d) Chair: Sofa
(e) None of these
Ans. (d)
Explanation: Except (d), in all other pairs second is a part of the first. Chair and sofa, both belong to the
same class, i.e. furniture.
(a) Big: Large (b) Tiny: Small
(c) Broad: Wide (d) Light: Heavy
(e) None of these
Ans. (d)
Explanation: Except (d), the words in all other pairs are synonyms. Light and heavy are antonyms of
each other.
(a) Ink: Pen (b) Lead: Pencil
(c) Petrol: Car (d) Garbage: Dustbin
(e) None of these
Ans. (d)
Explanation: Except (d), in all other pairs, first is required by the second for its functioning. However,
'Dustbin' is used to dump garbage.
You need to login to perform this action.
You will be redirected in
3 sec
