Current Affairs 11th Class

Category : 11th Class

Analogy

 

Learning Objectives

• Introduction
• Types of Analogous Relationship

 

Introduction

Analogy means 'similarity'. This is a Greek word which means having same value of proportion. The word analogy can also refer to the relation between the source and the target. The analogy test mainly concentrates on relationship, which can be between various elements/ things/terms, phenomenon etc.

 

• Example:

(1) Newspaper: Press:: Cloth: Mill

Explanation: A 'Newspaper' is printed in a 'press' and in the same way 'Cloth' is made in the 'Mill'. In other word/ Press (place to give all data type paper work for print) is a production place for a newspaper and in the same way mill (place where raw material is used to make final product) is a production place for cloth.

Product and Production relationship

1st pair- Press

2nd pair-Mill

Clearly, both pairs show similar relationship in a logical way. Hence both pairs are analogous or it is said that both pairs exhibit analogy.

 

Types of Analogous Relationship

There are various types of analogous relationship which have been discussed below.

Completing the Analogous Relationships

In these types of questions, three words are given in which two words are related to each other in same way. The candidate is required to find out the relationship between the third and fourth word on the basis of the relationship of the first two words.

 

• Example:

1. Plant: Tree:: Girl:?

(a) Sister                                              (b) Mother

(c) Woman                                          (d) Wife

(e) None of these

Answer: (c)

Explanation: Clearly, first develops into the second. 'Plant' develops into "Tree" and in the same way 'Girl’ develops into a ‘woman’.

 

2. Botany: Plants:: Entomology:?

(a) Germs                                            (b) Insects

(c) Snakes                                            (d) Birds

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: Botany is the branch of science which deals with the study of plants/ and in the same way Entomology is the branch of science which deals with the study of insects.

 

Commonly Asked Question

1. 'Menu' is related to 'Food' in the same may -Catalogue' is related to.......

(a) Rack                                               (b) Newspaper

(c) Library                                           (d) Books

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: Menu lists all the food items of a restaurant. In the same way 'Catalogue' is the list of all the books available in a library.

 

2. Radio: listener:: Film:?

(a) Producer                                        (c) Actor

(c) Viewer                                             (d) Director

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: We listen to radio, in same way we view a film.

 

3. Pulp: Paper:: Hemp :?

(a) Basket                                            (b) Yarn

(c) Rope                                               (d) Cotton

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: Pulp is the basic raw material used in the production of paper and in the same way hemp is used to make rope.

 

4. Book: Publisher:: Film:?

(a) Producer                                     (b) Director

(c) Editor                                            (d) writer

(e) None of these

Ans.   (a)

Explanation: A book is brought to light by a publisher, in same way a film is made by a producer.

  

5. Air: Atmosphere:: Water:?

(a) Hydrosphere                                (b) Ecosphere

(c) Biosphere                                       (d) Stratosphere

(e) None of these

Ans.   (a)

Explanation: component of the atmosphere in the same way water is the component of hydrosphere.

 

6. Energy: Joule:: Volume:?

(a) Solid                                               (b) capacity

(c) Kilogram                                      (d) Litre

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: Second is a unit to measure the first.

 

7. Electricity: Wire::Water:?

(a) Pipe                                              (b) River

(c) Jug                                                (d) Bottle

(e) None of these

Ans.   (a)

Explanation: Second is used to transmit the first.

 

8. Conference: Chairman:: Newspaper:?

(a) Reporter                                        (b) Distributor

(c) Printer                                            (d) Editor

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: Chairman heads a conference in the same way a newspaper is headed by an Editor.

 

9. Monday: Saturday:: Thursday:?

(a) Sunday                                           (b) Tuesday

(c) Wednesday                                 (d) Friday

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: Second is five days ahead of the first.

 

Simple or Direct Analogy

Following example will explain the concept of simple or direct analogy.

 

• Example:

1. 'Disease' is related to 'Medicine' in the same way as 'Famine' is related to

(a) River                                              (b) Waterfall

(c) Drought                                       (d) Rainfall

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: 'Disease’ can be cured by taking proper 'Medicine’. Similarly, 'Rainfall' is the cure for 'Famine'.

 

2. 'Horse' is related to 'stable' in the same way as 'cow' is related to

(a) Shed                                               (b) Bullock

(c) Dung                                              (d) Herd

(e) None of these

Ans.   (a)

Explanation: The dwelling place of 'Horse' is 'Stable'. In the same way, the dwelling place of 'Cow' is 'Shed'.

 

3. Psychology is to Emotions as Philosophy is to............

(a) Scholar                                           (b) Knowledge

(c) Wisdom                                          (d) Research

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: Psychology is the study of emotions and in the same way philosophy is the study of wisdom.

 

4. Cyclone is related to Anticyclone in the same way as Flood is related to........?

(a) Devastation                                (b) Havoc

(c) River                                               (d) Drought

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

 

Explanation: The words in each pair represent opposite conditions.

 

Commonly Asked Questions

1. Drama is related to Director in the same way as Magazine is related to..........?

(a) Story                                              (b) Editor

(c) Reader                                          (d) Printer

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: First is produced as per the directions of the second.

 

 

2. Impossible is related to Feasible in the same way as Theoretical is related to.....?....

(a) Radical                                           (b) Usable

(c) Practical                                        (d) Workable

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: The words in each pair are antonyms of each other.

 

3. Income is related to Profit in the same way as Expenditure is related to....?.....

(a) Balance                                        (b) Loss

(c) Sale                                                 (d) Receipts

(e) Surplus

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: 'Expenditure' is the antonym of 'Income'. Similarly, the antonym of 'Profit' is 'Loss'.

 

4. Starvation is related to Nutrition in the same way as Exhaustion is related to…..?.......

(a) Energy                                            (b) Bravery

(c) Freshness                                      (d) Courage

(e) None of these

Ans.   (a)

Explanation: First denotes the lack of second.

 

5. Konkani is related to Goa in the same way as Dogri is related to……?.....

(a) Himachal Pradesh                         (b) Sikkim

(c) Jammu                                                  (d) Assam

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: Konkani is the language of Goa and Dogri is the language of Jammu.

 

Selecting the Analogous pair

 

Following example will explain the concept of Analogous pair.

 

• Example:

1. Jungle is related to Zoo in the same way as sea is related to…….

(a) Shed                                                 (b) Aquarium

(c) Harbour                                         (d) Fishery

(e) None of these

Ans.    (c)

Explanation: Part of tamed jungle is a Zoo and part of sea is a harbour.

 

2. Savage : Civilized

(a) Wild: Animal                                    (b) Brutal: Heroic

(c) Illiterate: Book                                (d) Dark: Light

(e) None of these

Ans.    (d)

Explanation: The antonym of 'savage' is civilized. Similarly, the antonym of 'Dark' is 'light'.

 

3. Indolence : Beaver

(a) Passivity: cow

(b) Ferocity: Lamb

(c) Elegance: Peacock

(d) Joviality: Hyena

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: Just as beaver is known for its indolence same way peacock is knows for its beauty or elegance.

 

4. Darkness: Lamp

(a) Study: Classroom

(b) Thirst: Water

(c) Medicine: Illness

(d) Fatigue: Exercise

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: Just as a lamp eliminates darkness, in the same way water eliminates thirst.

 

Commonly Asked Questions

Direction: The following questions consist of two words related to each other in a certain way, followed by four pairs of words. Select the pair that has the same relationship as the original pair of words.

 

1. Run : Race

(a) Enjoy: Journey                               (b) Lecture: Study

(c) Study: Book                                    (d) Party: Dance

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: One runs a race and studies a book.

 

2. Glossary: Words

(a) Thesaurus: Rhyme                         (b) Atlas: Maps

(c) Catalogue: Dates                            (d) Lexicon: Words

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: First contains a collection of the second.

 

3. Genuine : Authentic

(a) Mirage: Illusion

(b) Ocean: Water

(c) Breeze: Cyclone

(d) Fear: Threat

(e) None of these

Ans.   (a)

Explanation: The pair of words are synonymous.

 

4. Poor: Money

(a) Weak: Bold                                    (b) Bold: Dark

(c) Strong: Body                                  (d) Weak: Strength

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: First word indicates the lack of the second one.

 

5. Incubator: Infant

(a) Archives: Document                      (b) Bullet: Revolver

(c) Green house: Plant                         (d) Hive: Bee

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: Second is provided the desired conditions and environment in the first.

 

6. Shoe: Leather

(a) Medicine: Doctor                            (b) Highway: Asphalt

(c) Train: Wagon                                      (d) Bus: Conductor

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: Second is the material used to make the first.

 

7. Bus: Driver

(a) Cook: Kitchen                                (b) Class: Student 

(c) War: Soldier                                    (d) Machine: Operator

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: Second makes the first work.

 

8. Banyan tree: Prop roots

(a) Potato: Tuber                                (b) Climbers: Tendrils

(c) Ginger: Stem                                  (d) Spinach: Root

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: Second provides support to the first.

 

9. Utopia : English

(a) Odyssey: Greek                                            (b) Tulsidas: Sanskrit

(c) Mona Lisa: English                                      (d) Dante: Latin

(e) None of these

Ans.   (a)

Explanation: Utopia is a famous work of English literature. Similarly/ Odyssey is a work of Greek literature.

 

10. Tadpole: Frog

(a) River: Sea                                        (b) Caterpillar: Butterfly

(c) Star: Moon                                     (d) Bee: Flower

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: First is the young one of the second.

Double Analogy

Following example will explain the concept of double analogy.

 

• Example

 

Direction: In each of the following questions, two words indicated by I and II have been left out. The correct word to come in place of I is given as one of the four alternatives [(1), (2), (3) and (4)] and the correct word to come in place of II is given as one of the four alternatives [(a), (b), (c) and (d)]. Read with the correct words, there is some relationship between the two words to the left of sign (: :) and the same relationship obtains between the two words to the right of the sign (::). The correct combination is given as one of the four alternatives (a), (b), (c) and (d). Find the correct combination in each case.

 

1. I: Square:: Arc:!!

(1) Line                                     (a) Chord

(2) Diagonal                          (b) Circle

(3) Rectangle                        (c) Diameter

(4) Perimeter                        (d) Circumference

(a) 2C                         

(b) 3A

(c) 4A

(d) 1B

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: First is the part of square and same way 'Arc' is the 'Circle'.

 

2. I: England :: Lira : II
3. (1) London (2) Pound (3) King                (4) Colony
4. (a) Italy (b) Mexico     (c) Mandolin       (d) Money

(a) 1A

(b) 1B

(c) 2A

(d) ID

(e) None of these

Ans.    (c)

Explanation: First is the currency of the country denoted by the second.

 

3. I: Bird: Shedding: II
4. (1) Calling   (2) Flying         (3) Migrating           (4) Moulting
5. (a) Barn        (b) Dog                   (c) Hay                        (d) Farm

(a) 2A

(b) 2C

(c) 4A

(d) 4D

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: Birds undergo moulting to shed feathers in changing plumage. Similarly, farms undergo shedding of leaves before a new growth.

 

4. I: Pacifist:: Religion: II
5. (1) War (2) Atlantis     (3) Object          (4) Conscience
6. (a) Devout (b) Sacred (c) Atheist          (d) Minister

(a) 1C                                                  (b) 4A

(c) 4B                                                  (d) 4C

(e) None of these

Ans.   (a)

Explanation: Second is the name given to the one who condemns the first.

 

5. S: Canada :: Rangoon : 18
6. (1) Detroit (2) Florida      (3) Toronto                  (4) Alberta
7. (a) Indonesia (b) Burma        (c) East Pakistan          (d) Ceylon

(a) 2B                                                  (b) 3A

(c) 3B                                                  (d) 3D

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: Second denotes the country in which the city denoted by the first is located.

 

Commonly Asked Questions

Directions: Each of the following sentences has the first word and the last word left out. Choose the pair from among the five pairs of words that will fill the blanks so that the sentence becomes true and sensible. Only one of the pairs is correct.

 

1. ............is to Land as Navy is to.........

(a) Ship-Infantry                                 (b) Army-Sea

(c) Ground-Sea                                    (d) Marine-Air

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: First is the defence force operating over the second.

 

 

2. ..............is to Lose as Pass is to...........

(a) Win-Succeed                                  (b) Lost-Succeed

(c) Lost-Fail                                             (d) Win-Fail

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: The words in each pair are antonyms of each other.

 

3. .............is to Horse as Chauffeur is to…….

(a) Mane-Uniform                                (b) Mane-Owner

(c) Stable-Limousine                           (d) Jockey-Automobile

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: First is the name given to the professional rider/driver of the second.

 

4. ..............is to Difference as Add is to..................

(a) Change-Subtract                           (b) Subtract-Total

(c) Deduct-Decrease                          (d) Agreement-Increase

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: Second is the name given to the result obtained on performing the operation denoted by the first.

 

5. ...............is to Cork as Box is to.............

(a) Spout-Crate                                  (b) Wine-Hat

(c) Bottle-Lid                                       (d) Bottle-Crate

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: Second is used to keep the first closed.

 

6. ..............is to Animal as Rind is to..........

(a) Husk-Nut                                          (b) Man-Hard

(c) Husk-Melon                                    (d) Skin-Melon

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: First is the upper covering of the second.

 

7. .................is to Second as Day is to................

(a) Watch-Friday                     (b) Minute-Hour

(c) First-Hour                            (d) First-Light

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: Seconds make up a minute, and hours make up a day.

 

8. ...............is to Steer as Pork is to............

(a) Bull-Chop                            (b) Beef-Chop

(c) Cow-Sow                             (d) Beef-Pig

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: First is the name given to the meat of the second.

 

Selecting a Similar word

In this type of questions; a group of three - four interrelated words is given. Candidate is required to select a word from the given alternatives/ which is similar to the given words and hence belongs to the same group.

 

• Example:

1. Mumbai: Kolkata: Mangalore:

(a) Hyderabad                                     (b) Cochin

(c) Delhi                                                  (d) Jaipur

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: Clearly, all are port cities.

 

2. Lucknow: Patna: Bhopal: Jaipur:

(a) Indore                                             (b) Pune

(c) Mysore                                           (d) Shimla

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: Clearly, Lucknow, Patna, Bhopal and Jaipur are all capital cities of various Indian States (U.P., Bihar, M.P. and Rajasthan respectively). Similarly, Shimla is the capital of Himachal Pradesh.

 

Commonly Asked Questions

Directions: In each of the following questions, a group of three/ four inter-related words is given. Choose a word from the given alternatives, which is similar to the given words and hence belongs to the same group.

 

1. Grandfather: Father: Brother

(a) Son-in-law                                        (b) Son

(c) Father-in-law                                  (d) Baby

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: (b) All are blood relations.

 

2. Rice: Wheat: Maize

(a) Jowar-Bajra                                   (b) Tobacco

(c) Jute                                                     (d) Cotton

(e) None of these

Ans.   (a)

Explanation: (a) All are food crops.

 

3. Pathology: Cardiology: Radiology: Ophthalmology

(a) Geology                                             (b) Zoology

(c) Haematology                                 (d) Biology

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: (c) All are the branches of medical science.

 

Direction: Each of the following questions has four alternative responses. Choose the correct response.

 

1. Which of the following is the same as Flood, Fire, Cyclone?

(a) Damage                                         (b) Earthquake

(c) Rain                                                  (d) Accident

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: All are natural calamities.

 

2. Which of the following is the same as Norway, Poland, Spain?

(a) France                                            (b) Rome

(c) Kenya                                             (d) Tokyo

(e) None of these

Ans.   (a)

Explanation: All are European countries.

 

3. Which of the following is the same as Steel, Bronze, Brass?

(a) Calcite                                              (b) Magnalium

(c) Methane                                         (d) Zinc

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: All are alloys.

 

Multiple - Word Analogy

In this type of questions, a group of three and four words is given and all of them are inter- related. The candidate is required to find out the relationship among the words given in the question and choose another group with the similar relationship from the given alternatives.

 

1. Correspondent: News : Newspaper

(a) Road: Vehicle: Destination            (b) Cloud: Water: Ponds

(c) Farmer: Crops: Food                          (d) Mason: Cement: Construction

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: Just as a correspondent collects and formats news for newspaper, so also a farmer grows and reaps crops for food.

 

2. Tehsil: District: State: Country

(a) Metropolitan: Mega polis: Town: city

(b) Block: Colony: Zone: City

(c) Province: District: State: Country

(d) Madhya Pradesh: Maharashtra: Mumbai: Victoria Terminus

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: The given group contains four items of a hierarchical system/ in the order from lowest to the highest levels. A similar relationship exists among the components of (b). Hence/ the answer is (b).

 

Commonly Asked Questions

Directions: In each of the following, some words are given which are related in some way. The same relationship obtains among the words in one of the four alternatives given under it. Find the correct alternative to match the one given in question.

 

1. Bone: Skeleton: Nerve

(a) House: Door: Window                   (b) Spoke: Wheel: Handle

(c) Retina: Eye: Pupil                               (d) Snow: Cloud: Ice

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: First and third are both parts of the second.

 

2. Furniture : Table : Almirah

(a) Building: Wall: Brick                         (b) Fruit: Orange: Apple

(c) Mother: Father: Sister                     (d) Sea: Road: City

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: Both second and third belong to the class denoted by the first.

 

3. Class: School: Student

(a) Ball: Bat: Pitch                                  (b) Sister: Family: Brother

(c) Hand: Body: Finger                        (d) Leaf: Tree: Root

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: Third is a part of the first, which in turn is a part of the second.

 

4. Iron: Silver: Gold

(a) Parents: Father: Mother                  (b) Wheat: Barley: Cereal

(c) Tree: Branch: Fruit                               (d) Deer: Lion: Wolf

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: All the three belong, to the same category. Iron, silver and .old are all metals; deer, lion and wolf are all wild animals.

 

Analogy based on Numbers

This section deals with the following types of questions.

• Example

1. Find the number similar to a group of number on basis of certain common properties that the-possess.

26:5::65:?

(a) 9                                         (b) 8

(c) 7                                         (d) 6

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: Clearly, the relationship is \[({{x}^{2}}+1):x.\]

2. Find a number set similar to the given number set.

          11:1210

(a) 6:216                                              (b) 7:1029

(c) 8:448                                              (d) 9:729

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: Clearly, the relationship is\[x:({{x}^{3}}-{{x}^{2}})\].

 

3. Which number is like the given set of numbers?

          Given set: (81, 77, 69)

(a) (56, 52, 44)                                    (b) (64, 61, 53)

(c) (75, 71, 60)                                    (c) (92, 88, 79)

(e) None of these

Ans.   (a)

Explanation: Here 1st number - 4 = 2nd Number

2nd Number – 8 = 3rd Number.

 

4. Which number is like the given set of number?

          Given set: (2, 14, 16)

(a) (2, 7, 8)                                           (b) (2, 9, 16)

(c) (3, 21, 24)                                     (d) (4, 16, 18)

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: In each set, 2nd number =\[(1st\text{ }number\times 7)\] and 3rd number =\[(1st\text{ }number\times 8)\].

 

5. Which number is like the given set of numbers?

          Given set: (3, 18, 36)

(a) (2, 10, 16)                                      (b) (2, 24, 48)

(c) (6, 4, 2, 48)                                    (d) (12, 72, 96)

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: In each set, 2nd number = \[(1st\text{ }number\times 6)\] and 3rd number =\[(2nd\text{ }number\times 2)\].

6. Which number is like the given set of numbers?

Given set: (6, 15, 28)

(a) (46, 56, 66)                                    (b) (50, 59, 71)

(c) (60, 67, 72)                                    (d) (60, 69, 82)

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: In each set, 2nd number = (1st number + 9) and 3rd number = (2nd number + 13).

 

7. Which number is like the given set of numbers?

          Given set: (81, 77, 69)

(a) (56, 52, 44)                                    (b) (64, 61, 53)

(c) (75, 71, 60)                                    (d) (92, 88, 79)

(e) None of these

Ans.   (a)

Explanation: In each set, 2nd number = (1st number - 4) and 3rd number = (2nd number - 8).

 

Commonly Asked Questions

Directions: In each of the following questions, there is a certain relationship between two given numbers on one side of (::) and one number is given on another side of (: :). You are to find another number from the given alternatives having the similar relationship as the numbers of the given pair.

1. 18: 30: : 36: ?

(a) 54                                                  (b) 62

(c) 64                                                   (d) 66

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: The relationship is \[x:\left( 2x-6 \right).\]

 

2. 3:243::5:?

(a) 425                                                 (b) 465

(c) 546                                                 (d) 3125

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: The relationship is \[x:{{x}^{5}}.\]

 

3. 20:11:: 102:?

(a) 49                                                   (b) 52

(c) 61                                                   (d) 98

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: The relationship is \[x:\left( \frac{x}{2}+1 \right).\]

 

4. 6: 222:7:?

(a) 210                                                 (b) 336

(c) 343                                                 (d) 350

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: The relationship is \[x & :({{x}^{3}}-x).\]

 

5. 26: 5:: 65:?

(a) 6                                                     (b) 7

(c) 8                                                     (d) 9

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: The relationship is\[({{x}^{2}}+1):x.\]

 

6. 14:9:: 26:?

(a) 12                                                   (b) 13

(c) 15                                                   (d) 31

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: The relationship is (2x - 4): x.

 

7. 8:28:: 27:?

(a) 55                                                   (b) 63

(c) 64                                                   (d) 65

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: The relationship is \[[{{x}^{3}}:\{{{(x+1)}^{3}}+1\}].\]

 

8. 68:130::?: 350

(a) 210                                                 (b) 216

(c) 222                                                 (d) 240

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: Clearly, \[68={{4}^{3}}+4;130={{5}^{3}}+5;350={{7}^{3}}+7.\]

So, missing number \[={{6}^{3}}+6=216+6=222.\]

 

9. 42: 56:: 72:?

(a) 81                                                   (b) 90

(c) 92                                                   (d) 100

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation:\[~42=6\times 7;56=7\times 8;\text{ }72=8\times 9\]

So, missing number = \[9\times 10=90.\]

 

10. 49: 81:: 100:?

(a) 64                                                   (b) 144

(c) 169                                                 (d) All of these

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: The relationship is \[{{x}^{2}}:{{\left( x+2 \right)}^{2}}.\]

 

Analogy Based on Alphabet

In these type of questions, a candidate is required to find out the relationship between two given groups of letters related to each other in some way and then choose either a letter – group or pair consisting of similar letter - group.

Following example will explain the concept.

 

• Example:

 

Directions: In each of the following questions, there is some relationship between the two terms to the left of (: :) and the same relationship holds between the two terms to its right. Also, in each question, one term either to the right of (: :) or to the left of it is missing. Find the missing term.

 

1. BUCKET: ACTVBDJLDFSU:: BONUS:?

(a) CDPQOPVWTU                            (b) SUNOR

(c) ACNPMOTVRT                             (d) ACNPMOVWTU

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: Here each letter of first group is replaced by two letters, where one letter comes before it and one comes after that particular letter in the second group.

 

2. MAD: JXA:: RUN:?

(a) ORK                                               (b) OSQ

(c) PRJ                                                 (d) UXQ

(e) None of these

Ans.   (a)

Explanation: Each letter of the first group is moved three steps backward to obtain the corresponding letter of the second group.

 

3. BIGE: JQOM: RYWU:?

(a) AGFD                                            (b) ZFDB

(c) ZGEC                                             (d) ZYVX

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

Explanation: Each letter of the first group is moved eight steps forward to obtain the corresponding letter of the second group.

 

4. QPRS:TUWV:: JIKL

(a) MNOP                                            (b) MNPO

(c) NMOP                                            (d) NMPO

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: The first and fourth letters of the first group are moved three steps forward, while the second and third letters are moved five steps forward to obtain the corresponding letters of the second group.

 

5. JLNP: OMKI:: SUWY:?

(a) FGHI                                             (b) MLKJ

(c) PLHD                                             (d) XVTR

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: Each letter of the first group is moved one step backwards and the letter - group so obtained is then written in a reverse order to get the second group.

 

6. EIGHTY : GIEYTH : : OUTPUT

(a) TUOTUP                                       (b) TUOUTP

(c) UTOPTU                                        (d) UOTUPT

(e) None of these

Ans.   (a)

Explanation: The first three letters and the last three letters of the first group are separately reversed in order to obtain the second group.

 

Commonly Asked Questions

Directions: Each of the following questions consists of a pair of letter - groups that have a certain relationship to each other, followed by four other pairs of letter - groups given as alternatives. Select the pair in which the letter-group are similarly related as in the given pair.

 

1. BC: FG

(a) PQ: ST                                           (b) HI: LM

(c) AD: PQ                                          (d) JK: LM

(e) None of these

Ans.   (b)

Explanation: Each letter of the group is moved four steps forwards to obtain the corresponding letter of the second group.

 

2. OT: PS

(a) TV: SW                                          (b) IL: HK

(c) PN: PM                                           (d) BE: FC

(e) None of these

Ans.   (e)

Explanation: The first letter of the first group is moved one step forward, while the second letter is moved one step backward to obtain the corresponding letter of the second group. As none of the given options matches the pair given in question, the correct answer therefore is (e).

 

3. MN: OP

(a) AD: GH                                         (b) AB: PQ

(c) QR: ST                                           (d) RS: TV

(e) None of these

Ans.   (c)

 Explanation: The letters in both the groups in a pair are consecutive letters in order. The second letter of the first group and the first letter of the second group are also consecutive letter in order.

 

4. CEH: IKN

(a) ACD: FHJ                                     (b) CDF: IJK

(c) EFA: KMN                                    (d) OQT: UWZ

(e) None of these

Ans.   (d)

Explanation: Each letter of the first group is moved six steps forward to obtain the corresponding letter of the second group.

 

5. LLAMS: SMALL

(a) SRENID: DINERS                       (b) CHART: TRACH

(c) BARK: KRAB                                 (d) TREE: EERT

(e) None of these

Ans.   (a)

Explanation: the second group is a meaningful word formed by reversing the order of the letters of the first group.