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VACCINATION
 
Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate morbidity from infection. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the influenza vaccine,the HPV vaccine,and the chicken pox vaccine.Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases;widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio,measles, and tetanus from much of the world. 
The active agent of a vaccine may be intact but inactivated (non-infective) or attenuated (with reduced infectivity) forms of the causative pathogens, or purified components of the pathogen that have been found to be highly immunogenic (e.g., outer coat proteins of a virus). Toxoids are produced for immunization against toxin-based diseases, such as the modification of tetanospasmin toxin of tetanusto remove its toxic effect but retain its immunogenic effect.

http://www.studyadda.com/videos/ix-class-biology-lectures/why-do-we-fall-ill/vaccination/1766
Video Lecture Taught By-  Mrs. Shweta Sardana, Msc.,M.Phil Gold Medalist , AIPMT Trainer
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