Essays

"I could then see my reflection in the window and in the retina of my eyes the whole earth and the sky could be seen reflected... So I called all the crew mothers one by one as they nil saw it and everybody said, "Oh.. Wow", Columbia Astronaut Kalpaita Chawla on seeing lire reflection in the Orbiters over/lead window.

Born in Kama], India. Kalpana Chawla enjoys flying, hiking, back-packing, and reading. She holds Certificated Flight Instructor's license with airplane and glider ratings, Commercial Pilot's licenses for single-and multi-engine land and seaplanes, Gliders and instrument rating for airplanes. She enjoys flying aerobatics and tail- wheel airplanes. Graduated from Tagore School, Kamal, India, in 1976. Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Punjab Engineering College. India, 1982. Master of Science degree in aerospace engineering from University of Texas, 1984. Doctorate of Phi loopy in aerospace engineering from University of Colorado. 1988.

In 1988. Kalpana Chawla started work at NASA Ames Research Centre in the area of powered-ft computational fluid dynamics. Her research concentrated on simulation of complex air flows encountered around aircraft such as the Harrier in "ground-effect." Following completion of this project she supported research in mapping of flow solvers to parallel computers and testing of these solvers by carrying out powered lift computations. In 1993 Kalpana Chawla joined Overset Methods Inc., Los Altos, California, as Vice President and Research Scientist to form a team with other researchers specializing in simulation of moving multiple body problems. She was responsible for development and implementation of efficient techniques to perform aerodynamic optimization. Results of various projects that Kalpana Chawla participated in are documented in technical conference papers and journals.

 Selected by NASA in December 1994. Kalpana Chawla reported to the Johnson Space Centre in March 1995 as an astronaut candidate in the 15lh Group of Astronauts. After completing a year of training and evaluation she was assigned as crew representative to work technical issues for the Astronaut Office EVA/Robotics and Computer Branches. Her assignments included work on development of Robotic Situational Awareness Displays and testing space shuttle control software in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory.

In November. 1996. Kalpana Chawla was assigned as mission specialist and prime robotic arm operator on STS-87 (November 19 to December 5. 1997). STS- 87 was the fourth U.S Microgravity Payload flight and focused on experiments designed to study how the weightless environment of space affects various, processes, and on observations of the Sun's outer atmospheric layers. Two member' of the crew performed an EVA (spacewalk) which featured the manual capture of Spartan satellite, in addition to testing EVA tools and procedures for future Spa;; Station assembly. In completing her first mission, Kalpana Chawla travelled (r million miles in 252 orbits of the Earth and logged 376 hours and 34 minutes in space, etc. In January, 1998, Kalpana Chawla was assigned as crew representative for tulle ' and station flight crew equipment. Subsequently, she was assigned as the lead ir- Astronaut Office's Crew Systems and Habitability section. She was assigned to it;, crew of STS-107 scheduled for launch in 2003.

STS-107 Columbia (January 16 to February 1, 2003). The 16-day flights. a dedicated science and research mission. Working 24 hours a day, in two althea!;ns I shifts, the crew successfully conducted approximately 80 experiments. The STS-107 | mission ended abruptly on February 1, 2003 when Space Shuttle Columbia and her crew perished during entry, 16 minutes prior to scheduled landing.

KamalresidentsandhundredsofmillionsofIndianshadbeeneiatedatChawla, The 40-year-old became the first Indian woman to enter space in 1997, when she was part of the Columbia mission that orbited the earth. (Profile of Chawla).

Though deeply saddened, Chawla's brother, Sanjay, tried to be philosophical about her death, "When you're involved in such a profession, you need to be ready to this kind of news." he told CNN's Satinder Bmdra. "I was just telling my friends that if you're in the army or air force or any such field, you should be ready to receive such news."

"When this can happen to others, it can also happen to you. This time, sucha tragedy has befallen our family, but our relatives and friends and the people of Kamal are sharing our grief," the brother added.

In India, which has launched satellites for years and is preparing for a moon orbit this decade, Chawla was a new kind of heroine.

 Prior to her departure on Columbia for what was her second trip to space, she told reporters that her inspiration to take up flying was J.R.D. Tata who flew the first mail flights in India.

 She told the Press Trust of India on January 16: "What J.R.D. Tata had done during those years was very intriguing and definitely captivated my imagination."

Following her first space flight, in 1997, she had told News India-Times of seeing India's Himalayan Mountains.

"The Ganges Valley looked majestic, mind boggling," she said.

Chawla said that as the shuttle repeatedly passed over India, especially New Delhi, she had pointed it out to the other crew members and said, "11 vied near r there." Front pages of Saturday's Indian newspapers carried pictures of Kalpana Chawla, the first Indian-born woman in space, to celebrate her expected return to earth on the U.S. space shuttle Columbia. But the return never happened as the shuttle broke apart more than 2.00,000 feet above central Texas minutes before it was to land in Florida, killing all seven crew members. (Full story).

Instead of a celebration, a pall of sadness descended on India as much of the country watched with horror the video footage showing the disintegration of the space shuttle Columbia.

 In a letter to U.S. President George W. Bush, Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee conveyed his sympathies to the American people, "We moum with you in this moment of grief. Our hearts go out to the bright young men and women who were on that spacecraft. For us in India, we felt that since one of them was an Indian-bom woman it adds a special poignancy to the tragedy."

"The world has seen with admiration the U.S. spacecraft program. We hope that in the days to come it will reach new heights," Vajpayee added. Long live the memories of Kalpana an inspiring legend.

Vocabulary        

1. inspiring—inspiring, heighten or intensify. 2. legend—caption, fable. 3. seaplanes— hydroplanes. 4. aeronautical—of or pertaining to aeronautics, aeronautic. 5. simulation— analogy, pretense. 6. parallel—analog, collimate. line of latitude, 7. conference—group discussion, league. 8. weightless—having little or no weight or apparent gravitational pull; light- 9. atmospheric—atmospherically. 10. mission—charge, deputation, military mission. 11. abruptly—suddenly. 12. befallen—bechance, happen. 13- boggling— flabbergasting, bowling over. 14. inspiration—arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity, breathing in, stirring. 15. definitely—decidedly, unquestionably. 16. captivated—beguiled, caught. bewitched. 17. footage—charge per unit, photographic film. 18. disintegration—annihilation, decomposition. 19. sympathies—understandings, an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion. 20. spacecraft— ballistic capsule, space vehicle. 21. poignancy—pathos, state of deeply felt distress or sorrow.