Essays

Introduction. The biosphere and ecosystem are self sustaining. Nature maintains a balance in land, water, air and the entire living organism in the world. Any imbalance in the biosphere is called environmental pollution.

Factors, which give birth to Environmental pollution. The grand industrial development, the green revolution, the transport expantion, the rapid growl h of cities and accidental management of natural resources have badly affected environmcnal balance. The pollution of   air and water will soon reach a point when no place on the earth will remain sale. Due to large scale industrial and human settelments on grand scale many rivers have become gloomy and dark. The large scale industrial wastes, and oil poured in the sea have started killing marine life.

Technological Development. Undoubtly the modern technological develop ant has been the main cause of polluting our air, ocean and rivers etc. It is a matter of great importance that our rivers are becoming dark. Fishes are rotting on sea-shores. Trees are. Withering and cities air filled with foul air. Toxic chemicals are finding their way into our food. When 'the normal composition of air is charged, air becomes polluted.

The main causes of air pollution. The main causes of air pollution are- (i) combustion, (ii) manufacturing processes, (iii) agricultural activities, (iv) use of solvents and (v) nuclear energy programmes.

(i) Combustion.  Combustion can be described in three types- (i) Fuel burning, transportation and refuse burning. All these three kinds of combustion release several types of gases. These gases pollute air.

(ii)The various types of manufacturing processes. They also cause pollution. Chemical plants matallurgical plants and plants for waste recovery come under this category. The polluted things released from these processes make the air unfit for human consumption. Agricultural activities are another source of air pollution. The use of chemical fertilizers and manures and burning of field waste pollute the atmosmphcre air.

(iii) Use of solvents. Several types of solvents are used in spray-painting, polishing of furniture, dyeing, and printing and dry cleaning/The solvents produce hydrocarbons which pollute the air.

Measures to control pollution. Various measures may be adopted to control pollution. To trap smoke particles chambers should be made. Lofty smoke stakes should be gases should be discharged through exhaust pipes higher in the air, Chemical industries should not be allowed to be set up on the hunks of rivers. Waste materials should be subjected to anti pollution treatment.

Conclusion. In view of great dangers to mankind, many countries in the world have passed laws to prevent pollution. But it has been seen that anti-pollution laws are not being obeyed everywhere.